Protocol: How Control Exists After DecentralizationMIT Press, 2004 - 260 頁 Is the Internet a vast arena of unrestricted communication and freely exchanged information or a regulated, highly structured virtual bureaucracy? In Protocol, Alexander Galloway argues that the founding principle of the Net is control, not freedom, and that the controlling power lies in the technical protocols that make network connections (and disconnections) possible. He does this by treating the computer as a textual medium that is based on a technological language, code. Code, he argues, can be subject to the same kind of cultural and literary analysis as any natural langua≥ computer languages have their own syntax, grammar, communities, and cultures. Instead of relying on established theoretical approaches, Galloway finds a new way to write about digital media, drawing on his backgrounds in computer programming and critical theory. "Discipline-hopping is a necessity when it comes to complicated socio-technical topics like protocol," he writes in the preface. Galloway begins by examining the types of protocols that exist, including TCP/IP, DNS, and HTML. He then looks at examples of resistance and subversion—hackers, viruses, cyberfeminism, Internet art—which he views as emblematic of the larger transformations now taking place within digital culture. Written for a nontechnical audience, Protocol serves as a necessary counterpoint to the wildly utopian visions of the Net that were so widespread in earlier days. |
內容
Physical Media | 28 |
Form | 54 |
Power | 80 |
Institutionalization | 118 |
Hacking | 146 |
Tactical Media | 174 |
Internet Art | 208 |
ABOUT THE AUTHOR | 247 |
其他版本 - 查看全部
常見字詞
aesthetic artists auction autonomous available online Baran Berners-Lee biopolitics body browser called Capital Volume centralized Chapter commercial communication computer viruses concept connected control societies corporate created Critical Art Ensemble cultural cyberfeminism cyberfeminist cybernetics defined Deleuze described diagram discourse distributed network eBay Electronic Enzensberger Etoy example exist film form of appearance formal Foucault Gilles Deleuze Guattari hacker hacking Hardt and Negri hierarchy host IETF Internet art Internet protocols Kittler language layer logical machine Marx Marx's material meaning Michael Hardt nature net.art Nettime node object operating system organization packet Paul Baran Phrack Physical Media political protocological puter resistance rhizome RTMark server simply social space specific standards structure Tactical Media TCP/IP technical term theory Tim Berners-Lee tion tocol Toywar Unix virtual virus VNS Matrix Wiener writes York