Route The Country Through Which It Flows-Description of the

River Course-Agricultural Products in the Sungari Valley-Boats

Used on the Sungari-No Canals in Manchuria-Railways-Chinese

Eastern-Its Equipments-Its Cultural Work-Change of Policy-

Ssupingkai-Chengchiatung Railway-Changchun-Kirin Line-Rail-

ways to be Built.

page 240

CHAPTER XIII.

TRADE AND TRADE TENDENCIES:

Manchurian Trade for 1922-Character of Manchurian Trade-
Reason of Japanese Interest in Manchuria-Growth of Manchurian
Trade-Rise of Dairen as a Port-Effects of World War on Man-
churian Foreign Trade-Opening Manchuria for Foreign Trade and
Residence-Japan's Position in Manchurian Trade-Rapid Gain of
Japanese Trade in Manchuria-Japanese Efforts to Secure the Man-
churian Trade-Japanese Financial and Commercial Interests Planted
in Manchuria-Position of Dairen in Manchurian Trade-Story of
Her Development-Dairen's Sensational Advance to Second Place
Among Ports of China-Dairen's Port Facilities-Shipping at Dairen
-Soya Beans and Manchurian Trade-Manchurian Trade in Cotton
Piece Goods-America's Position in Early Days-Its Decline-Anti-
Japanese Propagandists Making Capital Out of the Decline-Two
Plagues of Manchurian Trade-Her Currency-Her Taxation-Vari-
ous Kinds of Moneys Used There-Likin Tax

CHAPTER XIV.

GOVERNMENT:

page 251

History of Administration-Changes in Form of Provincial Admin-

istration Machinery-Five Boards-Creation of Viceroyalty-Revolu-

tion of 1911-Under the Tuchuns-Departments of a Provincial Gov-

ernment-Subdivisions of a Province-Tao and Hsien-Unofficial

Government of Manchuria-Merchant Guilds-Headmen

page 280

APPENDICES

I. THE SHIMONOSEKI TREATY-April 17th, 1895 .

2. CONTRACT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

OF THE CHINESE EASTERN RAILWAY-September

8th, 1896

3. AGREEMENT REGARDING RUSSO-CHINESE BANK ASSO-

CIATION-August 28th, 1896

4. THE CASSINI CONVENTION

PAGE

289

294

298

300

305

307

5. TREATY Of Alliance bETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA

-May, 1896

6. STATUTES of the CHINESE EASTERN RAILWAY

7. RUSSIAN IMPERIAL UKAZ REGARDING JURISDICTION

IN CHINESE EASTERN RAILWAY ZONE-August

2nd, 1901

8. CONVENTION FOR THE LEASE OF THE LIAOTUNG

PENINSULA-March 27, 1898 .

9. RUSSIAN IMPERIAL ORDER REGARDING ESTABLISH-

MENT OF DALNY AS A FREE PORT-August 11,

1899

IO. ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT DEFINING THE BOUNDARIES

of the Leased AND NEUTRALIZED TERRITORY IN

THE LIAOTUNG PENINSULA-May 7, 1898

II. AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE SOUTHERN BRANCH

OF THE CHINEse Eastern Railway-July 6, 1898 326

12. FIRST SUpplement to CHARTER OF CHINESE EAST-

ERN RAILWAY-February 17, 1899

13. IDENTIC NOTES EXCHANGED WITH REGARD TO RAIL-

WAY INTERESTS IN CHINA-April 28, 1899

14. GERMAN-BRITISH AGREEMENT RELATIVE TO CHINA-

October 16, 1900.

15. RUSSO-CHINESE AGREEMENT REGARDING JURISDICTION

IN THE RAILWAY ZONE-July, 1901

16. OLD AGREEMENT REGARDING JURISDICTION IN THE

RAILWAY ZONE WHICH WAS AMENDED AS IN

APPENDIX 15

17. RUSSO-CHINESE CONVENTION WITH REGARD TO MAN-
CHURIA-April 8, 1902

PAGE

344

350

18. THE PORTSMOUTH TREATY-September 5, 1905

19. SINO-JAPANESE TREATY AND ADDITIONAL Agreement

RELATING TO MANCHURIA-December 22, 1905 . 348

20. ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT-December 22, 1905 .

21. SUMMARY OF ALLEGED SECRET PROTOCOLS TO SINO-

JAPANESE TREATY OF DECEMBER 22, 1905 . . 353

22. JAPANESE IMPERIAL ORDINANCE ON THE ORGANIZA-

TION OF SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY-June 7,

1906; AND THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF

THE SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY JOINT STOCK

COMPANY

23. RUSSO-JAPANESE POLITICAL CONVENTION-July 30,

1907

356

. 373

24. PRELIMINARY AGREEMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION

OF THE CHINCHOU-AIGUN RAILWAY-October 2,

1909

25. RUSSO-JAPANESE CONVENTION IN REGARD TO MAN-

CHURIA-July 4, 1910

26. SINO-JAPANESE TREATY RESPECTING SOUTH MAN-

CHURIA AND EASTERN INNER MONGOLIA-May 25,

1915

27. LOAN AGREEMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE

KIRIN-HUEINING RAILWAY-June 18, 1918 .

374

378

379

390

392

395

28. LOAN AGREEMENT FOR RAILWAYS IN MANCHURIA

AND MONGOLIA-September 28, 1918

INDEX

OLD TEMPLE. ALONG THE ANTUNG-MUKDEN LINE

LIAO RIVER. SUNGARI RIVER

DAIREN HARBOR. CENtral Plaza IN DAIREN

WALL OF MUKDEN. MONGOLIAN FORTRESS

JUNK HARBOR AT DAIREN

CHANGCHUN RAILWAY STATION.

MANCHULI STATION. STREET SCENE AT TSITSIHAR
MAP OF HARBIN

FACING PAGE

2

8

14

22

26

30

38

42

114

BUSINESS SECTION OF HARBIN. STREET Scene at MAN-

ORIENTAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY. PUBLIC HALL AT

JAPANESE SCHOOL AT HARBIN.

NEWSPAPER OFFICE AT MUKDEN.

SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY SYSTEM

AMERICAN STEAM SHOVEL AT FUSHUN

LIBRARY AT DAIREN. DORMITORY BUILDING OF S. M. R. 118

GYMNASIUM CLASS OF A GIRLS' SCHOOL. SEWING CLASS

132

133

138

xvi

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLANTING SOYA BEANS. ROLLING FARROWS

FACING PAGE

FARMERS' HUTS. HARVEST TIME IN MANCHURIA.
KUNGCHULING AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM.
RICE FIELD IN MANCHURIA .

148

150

HARVESTING KAOLIANG. THRESHING THE GRAIN
HARVESTING HEMP. LEAF TOBACCO FOR SHIPMENT

FRUIT TREES. AWAYA FARM

STREET SCENE IN HAILAR. DRAUGHT HORSES AND OXEN 180 SHEEP RANCH. DRYING WOOL

WEAVING TUSSAH SILK

FELLING LARCH TREES. LUMBER JUNKS
BIRCH FOREST. LARCH AND BIRCH FOREST
RUSSIAN LOGGERS' CABINS. HAULING LOGS OUT TO
RAILWAY STATION.

OPEN-CUT MINING AT FUSHUN. DYNAMITING COAL AT
FUSHUN

MITING

IRON ORE BEING LOADED. BLAST FURNACES AT ANSHAN
BLAST FURNACES AT PENHSIHU. ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE
CHINESE COOLIES' DINING ROOM.

TOWN HALL AT FUSHUN. RESIDENCES FOR COLLIERY
EMPLOYEES

SOYA BEAN AWAITING SHIPMENT

SUZUKI BEAN-OIL MILL. SCREW PRESSES AT DAIREN OIL

FLOUR MILL AT KIRIN. JAPANESE-OWNED FLOUR MILL 230 SALT FIELD AT PULANTIEN. NATURAL SALT OF MON