tlefield. She has fought over it twice-against China in 1894 and against Russia in 1904. She is about to find there the source of life and of national peace. For of all the thousand troubles Japan has, two are serious: The lack of FOOD and the lack of vital raw materials, such as iron and oil. And Manchuria seems to be the answer,—to a large extent. Then there is still another thing: Last year in my wanderings up and down the Homeland of the Sun, I saw that the only path of salvation for our dearly beloved Nippon lay through the industrialization of the country. Over every section of the Island Empire I saw industrialization going on feverishly, aggressively. It was no easy job all the same: every inch of the old country is encrusted with the vested interests of centuries. In Manchuria, building over the wreck of the Russian Dream, all is different. It affords an experimental ground for the Japanese which is hard to beat. At Dairen the Japanese have built a port and a city more modern, more sanitary, with better-built houses and better-paved streets than anything they have at home. In Manchuria, not in Japan, the Japanese brought into existence the South Manchuria Railway Company, absolutely the biggest Japanese company ever organized. It should not surprise anyone to hear that the future captains of Japanese industries are coming out of Manchuria. In the preparation of this book, I have helped myself freely to various data given in countless books, magazines, and other publications on Manchuria, too many to mention here. I wish to make my gratesul acknowledgment for all of them. I am particularly indebted to that huge “mixed-storage warehouse" of information on Manchuria in seven fat volumes, called Man-Mo Zensho, and also to Hon. John V. A. MacMurray from whose valuable work, the entire text of the treaties and agreements with and concerning China in the appendices to this book has been reprinted by his kindly permission. ADACHI KINNOSUKE. TABLE OF CONTENTS From Chosen into Manchuria-First View of the Yalu-Timber Rafts on the Yalu—The Yalu River Described—The Yalu Bridge -Antung, the City and Port-Antung, Manchuria in Little-Chief Commodities Handled by the City-Soya Bean–Tussah or Wild Silk -Lumber-Sino-Japanese Joint Enterprises Sino-Japanese Co-opera- tion-Trip Over the Old Battlefields Where Kuroki's Men Fought Antung-Mukden Line Originally a Light Military Railway-Yabakei of Manchuria—Through the Changpai Range-Fifty-five Miles of THE LAND: Boundaries-Physical Complexions Mountain Ranges-North and South Manchuria-Geographical Details—No. Scientific Surveys Area-Rivers The Amur, the Sungari, the Yalu, the Liao-Port of Yingkou-River Basins—The Central Plain—Valley of the Nonni- The Sungari Plain-Coast Line-Forests—Timber-Climatic Con- ditions page 11 CHAPTER III. THE PEOPLE: The Tungus-The Kaoli and Fuyu States Kingdom of Pohai- Kingdom of Kin-The Kin Master of Peking-The Mongol Empire of Kublai Khan-Nuncheng—Coming of Nuerhachih-His Foreign Policy-Conquest of China-Founding of the Taching Dynasty- Manchuria Under the Taching Dynasty-Exclusion Policy of the Manchu Dynasty-How the Chinese Farmer Immigrants Conquered Manchuria-Troubles of_Manchu Bannermen-Colonizing Man- churia with Bannermen-Failure with all the Governmental Sub- sidies and Assistance-Chinese Merchants Follow in the Steps of the Coolie-Manchuria Officially Opened to Chinese Immigration-Vic- tory of the Chinese Farmer Coolies Complete page 26 China's First Contact with a European Power-Treaty of Aigun- nificance to the People of the Far East-Russian Silence over the German Seizure of Kiaochou—The Lease of the Liaotung Peninsula -Building of the South Manchuria Railway-Founding of the City of Harbin-Boxer Trouble of 1900—British Hands Tied-Russian Promise of Evacuating Manchuria-Passing, of Russia from South Manchuria-City of Harbin-Harbin an Industrial Center-Russian Historic Relations Between Manchuria and Japan-Sino-Japanese War-Russo-Japanese War-Harriman and the Manchurian Rail- ways Japanese Traders' Entry into Manchuria-Kwantung Govern- ment-General and the South Manchuria Railway-Railway Zone Favored by Chinese Merchants—Change in the Russo-Japanese Rela- tions in Manchuria-Change in the Russian Policy in Manchuria- Great Britain and Japan in Manchuria-Do the Japanese Close the Open Door in Manchuria ?-Standard Oil Company's Concession Cited-America and Japan in Manchuria-Secretary Knox's Plan for the "Neutralization" of the Manchurian Railways-Count Komura's Reply to It-Twenty-one Demands Anti-Japanese Propagandists Capitalize It-Inside Story of the Twenty-one Demands-New Four Power Loan Consortium and Manchuria-Manchurian Railways Built Seven Hundred Mile American Show Window in Manchuria- Railway Empire Builder-Magnitude of the Company-Investments in Railways-Its Mining Operations-Building Dairen and Its Port Facilities-As Builder of Cities–S. M. R. More Than a Railway Company-Looking After Public Health of the Zone-Supplying Gas and Electricity-Iron and Steel Works Its Hotels Research Work of Farm Lands in Manchuria-Chinese Farmer Colonists—Character Scale Farming in Manchuria-Soil Character-Farming Methods o page 140 Forest Areas Great and Little Khingans-Yalu Basin-Changpai Ranges Sansing District--Estimated Forest Wealth-Trees-Early Logging Methods Russian Activity in Yalu Lumber Business-Kirin Forests-Destructive Logging Methods—Tsar's Interest in the Yalu Gold in Manchuria-Moho Gold Field-Gold Fields in Kirin Province Coal Mines-Fushun-Yeptai-Penhsihu-Dalainor-Iron Bean-oil Mills-Yufang-Old Fashioned Yufang and Its Methods Milling-Harbin the Center of Flour Mills Effect of Russian Policy on Harbin Mills—Chinese in Milling Business-Distilleries-Salt TRADE ROUTES AND TRANSPORTATION : The Liao River-Its Value as a Trade Route-Only Route Open |