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(4) Provide automatic rifles to cover your withdrawal.
(5) Attack on a prearranged signal, and simultaneously.

(6) Jump each man from the rear if possible.

(7) Insure accuracy in use and understanding of your identification signal.

PAIRS OF SCOUTS ATTACK
PREVIOUS LYDESIGNATED
MEMBERS OF THE ENEMY.
PATROL BY RUNNING.IN
UPON THEM FROM BEHIND

A-PAIR OF MEN-WITH-AUTO-RIFLES•
·ARE PLACED ON EACH FLANK..
NEAR-END-OF-AMBUSH-SO-THAT-THEY

•CAN-COVER-ITS FLANKS.

Plate 43.-A night ambush patrol.

(8) Use bayonets, knives, and blackjacks.

(9) Do not use grenades.

(10) Be sure to provide an identification signal.

36. Raids.-a. Preliminary.-(1) The enemy outguards should be accurately located.

(2) Time of enemy relief should be learned.

(3) Size of enemy outguards should be known.

(4) A gap should be found, or cut, in the enemy wire near the outguard to be captured.

b. Procedure.-(1) The party should move directly to the gap in the enemy wire, halt and take up its position. The following elements should be provided:

(a) Automatic rifles on each flank and in rear in No Man's Land to cover the withdrawal.

(b) A squad of bayonet men in a semicircle at entrance to gap.

(c) Two men well supplied with hand grenades at inside end of gap to cover the withdrawal if the raiding group is pursued.

(2) The scouts should pass in through the gap, cross the trench to one side of the enemy post, and approach it from the rear.

(3) The enemy post should be jumped at a prearranged signal. If the surprise is complete no firing or scuffling should be necessary, knives, blackjacks, or pistols (used as clubs) quickly disposing of those who resist.

(4) The prisoners should be hurried out of the trench quietly and quickly, and wounded or dead raiders brought along.

(5) The grenade men at the gap should guide the raiders by repeating a prearranged signal.

(6) Led by the bayonet men, the raiding scouts and prisoners should return rapidly across No Man's Land, covered by the grenade men and the autoriflemen who follow as soon as the party has cleared their positions.

Observing
Sniping

Section VI

OBSERVERS AND SNIPERS

Paragraph

37 38

37. Observing.—a. Principles.-When the enemy is encountered and his position is in sight, observation posts should be immediately established. Although such posts do not take the place of patrols in the early stages of an engagement, they greatly assist in determining hostile dispositions, the number and location of the supporting weapons, and the extent of enemy activity. As the two forces remain facing each other, daylight patrolling becomes difficult, and reconnaissance must be carried out from commanding points behind the line of outguards. These observation posts should be so placed as to cover the entire front and all ground within the position itself.

b. Operation.-An observation post is manned by two scouts, an observer and a recorder, who change duties every 15 or 20 minutes, and are relieved at the end of 2 hours. One man observes through a pair of field glasses. When he sees any sign of enemy activity, he takes a compass reading on it, estimates its distance, and gives this information to the other scout who records it together with the time. During the early stages of an engagement, several men should be assigned to each post to act as messengers. Later, if the situation becomes more stabilized, the information gained becomes of less immediate importance and may be turned in at the end of the tour of duty.

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c. Instruction. The instructor has his scouts, working in pairs, choose observation posts overlooking an area in which men expose themselves at scheduled times, i. e., fire a rifle, smoke a cirgarette, flash a mirror in the sun, etc. The scouts observe and note all indications of the assumed enemy. They should be cautioned to report exactly what they see, not what they think it may be. Their reports should be checked. Each should contain the time, the direction, the distance, and the event observed. For example: 9.22 a. m., 65°, 700 yds., man running W. in draw.

d. Training and employment.-The training and employment of battalion intelligence groups is covered in detail in TR 210-5.

38. Sniping.-a. Principles.-As soon as the attack stops, scouts should be detailed from each company as snipers. They inflict casualties on the enemy as he organizes his position or pick off leaders if he counterattacks. During a withdrawal, well-placed snipers should be able to pick off many of the officers of the attacking enemy troops. In quiet periods, snipers should harass the enemy whenever he exposes himself, thus preventing his reconnaissance. The primary duty of the sniper is to kill.

b. Positions. The following considerations should govern the selection or construction of snipers' posts:

(1) The post must have a field of fire over the designated sector.

(2) It must offer concealment to the men in it. It must not be silhouetted against the sky or a contrasting background. If a tree is used, a dark background is of the first importance.

(3) The approach must be covered, and the making of paths avoided.

(4) If the post is in trenches, gogs should be provided for loopholes and a curtain for the trench.

Note. A gog is a cover for the loopholes of a sniper's post or an observation post. It is used to prevent light shining through when the curtain in rear is raised or when the post is not in operation.

c. Operation.-A sniping post is a fixed fighting patrol of two men. It is equipped with field glass or telescope, and a rifle preferably with telescopic sight, for each man. One scout acts as observer; the other as sniper. They change duties every 15 or 20 minutes. The observer searches his sector for a target. As he finds one he describes and locates it, and the sniper fires at it. The observer notes the result of the shot. Upon being relieved the men of each post submit a report of activities during their tour of duty, similar to those submitted by observers.

d. Training.-(1) The sniper will ordinarily get only one shot at his target, so he must be quick and accurate. Practice is best obtained by shooting at moving targets at all ranges up to 600 yards.

(2) To aid in locating targets quickly and accurately all scouts should be taught the following system:

(a) Divide the sector into subsectors, separated by natural objects and numbered from right to left.

(b) Estimate or obtain from a map the ranges to various prominent points in the sector.

(c) The observer then designates a target quickly and accurately by saying: "One (subsector) 350 (range) man looking from trench." (3) After each shot the sniper slowly withdraws his rifle and reloads quietly. Two shots should not be fired in quick succession from a single post.

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