Negotiating Health: Intellectual Property and Access to MedicinesPedro Roffe, Geoff Tansey, David Vivas Eugui Earthscan, 2012 - 313 頁 In developing countries, access to affordable medicines for the treatment of diseases such as AIDS and malaria remains a matter of life or death. In Africa, for instance, more than one million children die each year from malaria alone, a figure which could soon be far higher with the extension of patent rules for pharmaceuticals. Previously, access to essential medicines was made possible by the supply of much cheaper generics, manufactured largely by India; from 2005, however, the availability of these drugs is threatened as new WTO rules take effect. Halting the spread of malaria and HIV/AIDS is one of the eight Millennium Goals adopted at the UN Millennium Summit, which makes this a timely and topical book.Informed analysis is provided by internationally renowned contributors who look at the post-2005 world and discuss how action may be taken to ensure that intellectual property regimes are interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive to the right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all. |
內容
Legal Fictions and Public Health | 1 |
Part 1 The Dynamics of Medicinal Patent Power | 7 |
Beyond Patents to Data | 79 |
Part 3 Ways Forward in Promoting Access | 179 |
Annex 1 The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health | 269 |
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30 August abuse access to medicines Agreement and Public anti-competitive practices anti-trust antiretroviral drugs application Arbitration authorities bioequivalence CAFTA Chapter chemical entities clinical trials competition policy compulsory licence cost-sharing approach costs data exclusivity data protection data submitted Decision developing countries diseases Doha Declaration domestic drugs economic effective ensure essential medicines European example exclusive rights exporting Free Trade Agreement FTAs GlaxoSmithKline global granted HIV/AIDS implementation important innovation intellectual property protection intellectual property rights investment IPRs issues legislation maceutical market exclusivity ment NAFTA negotiations original paragraph Paris Convention partnerships Party patent holder patent pool patent protection PDPs period Pharma pharmaceutical companies pharmaceutical industry pharmaceutical products pharmaceutical sector product development promote public health registration data regulatory Reichman rely term test data tion TRIPS Agreement TRIPS-plus UNCTAD undisclosed data unfair commercial USTR vaccines WIPO World World Trade Organization WTO Members