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Subsistence.-Means of support, usually including only food and drink. The word is also used to include fuel, clothing and shelter. Suffrage. The right to vote.

Suppression.-Prevention of freedom of expression.

Taxes.-Money collected for the support of government.

The Great Council.-The group of advisers of the King of England before there was a Parliament. It was composed of the great nobles and the higher clergy. Tolerant.-Liberal in attitude. People were once severely punished because they refused to belong to certain churches or religions. In most of the world now, people of differing religious faiths can live side by side in peace so far as religion is concerned. They are more tolerant.

Toll.-A term applied to the charges made for the privilege of using canals, roads, bridges, or other property used by the public. Small mills sometimes take a share of the grain they grind as toll. Trading Company.-An association founded to carry on commerce. The best known trading companies in early history of the United States were engaged in the fur trade. The London Company which established the Virginia colony was a trading company. Treasonable Doctrines.-Teachings which endanger our government by encouraging disloyalty.

Trustees. Those who are entrusted with the care and management of property or institutions. Boards of school directors are trustees.

"Turn Over" of Products.-The amount of time between buying and selling or producing and selling. If a merchant sells half his stock and replaces it within a month, the "turn over" is very quick. Farm production always represents slow turn over. A corn crop may require seven or eight months. Winter wheat requires more time. The production of live stock requires several

years. Tun-moot.-A gathering of the freemen of a tun or small district in Saxon England. Our word town has come from tun, and moot meant meeting. A tun-moot was like a town meeting.

Unconstitutional.-Not in accordance with the Constitution. The term is usually applied to a law passed by the legislative body of a government which the Supreme Court declares not consistent with the Constitution.

Universal Education.-Education of all persons capable of learning. Urban Center.-(1) A large city or group of cities. There are two great urban regions in the United States; (a) from Washington to Boston; (b) along the Great Lakes. (2) A village, town or city with its trade territory.

Unsanitary. Not good for health because improperly cared for, or in improper condition.

Unwritten Constitution.-The body of customs which have taken definite form and are fundamental in the organization of our government and yet have not been reduced to formal constitutional law are called the unwritten constitution. The President's cabinet and political parties are examples of such customs.

Usurp Authority.-To take over or assume power not allowed by law. Many people in our early history feared that the President would usurp authority until he became too powerful.

Violation of Law.-The committing of any act that is contrary to the law; breaking the law; or doing anything which is forbidden by law.

Visionary. That which is fanciful, fantastic and unreal. One who makes plans without considering all sides of the problem to be solved would be called a visionary person.

Vocational Courses.-Courses of study which are intended to give knowledge and skill in some occupation or trade.

Voluntary Aid.-Assistance not required or provided by law. An alms house or poor farm or tax to support the poor is not voluntary aid. A free-will gift to an unfortunate neighbor or a dependent is voluntary.

Voluntary Association.-A group working together because of free choice of its members. An amateur ball team or a picnic party are voluntary associations.

Wild Cat Banking.—A term applied to banks which were permitted to issue paper money in larger quantities than they were able to redeem, in gold or silver. It has come to mean unsound, irresponsible banking. The term is said to have first been used to describe an insolvent bank whose notes had a picture of a panther upon them. Workingman's Compensation Law.-A law which provides for the payment of compensation to workingmen or their heirs for injury or death by accident while employed. This plan is intended to take the place of settlement by means of damage suits in the courts.

Advertising, 197

INDEX

Agriculture, Colleges of, 21; De-
partment of, 129

Albany Congress, 68
Aldermen, 47

Alternates, 85

Amendments, 76

American Communities, 15, 16

Americanization, 189
Anarchist, 2

Appellate Jurisdiction, 145
Appropriations, 104

Articles of Confederation, 71

Assessor, 46, 182

Atlantic Cable, 154
Attorney General, 128
Auditor, 46

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City, Age of, 28; Manager, 162;
Ownership, 36; Planning, 37;
Problems, 12, 31, 37

Citizenship, 244

Civil Service Reform, 156
Clean Streets, 36
Clean-Up Day, 11

Clearing House, 171
Collector, 46

Commissions, 130

Commission Government, 153, 159,
161

Committees, of Congress, 99; of
Correspondence, 70

Commonwealth, 47

Communication, 188; Problems of,
196

Congress, 94, 96; Powers, 103;
Problems, 105; Sessions, 97
Congressmen, Privileges, 97; Sal-
ary, 97

Congressional Township, 43
Conservation, 241, 247
Conservatives, 162

Constitution, Supreme, 57, 67, 81,
141; Amendments, 76, 246;
First Written, 75; Meaning of,
77; Unwritten, 77
Constitutional Convention, 72
Contagious Diseases, 201
Cooperation, Conservation, 240; in
Government, 235, et seq.; in
Old Cities, 13; Useful Service,
240

Coroner, 45

Corporation, 156; Tax, 183
Corrupt Practices, 86, 87
Councilmen, 46

County, 43, 44; Officials, 44, 45;
Board, 44; Courts, 147; Com-
mittees, 82

Courts, Federal District, 145; Other
Federal, 145; Jurisdiction, 145;
Legislative and Executive Pow-
er of, 147; of Appeals, 145;
Procedure, 142; Problems, 148;
State, 146; Supreme,
143;
United States, 142, 143

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"Jacksonian Democracy," 59
Jefferson, Thomas, 19, 247
Jurisdiction, Courts, 145
Juvenile Courts, 214

King, John, 53

Labor Unions, 238

Law, Enforcement, 25; Making, 94,
et seq.; Interpreting, 136, et

seq.

Lawlessness, 211, et seq.
Law, Playground, 136
Lincoln, Abraham, 247, 248
Local Government, 52, 43
"Log-Rolling," 179

Machines, 29; "Political," 87, 161
Madison, James, 73
Magazines, 187, 197
Magna Charta, 54, 58, 77
Manufacturing, 11, 59
Markets, 22, 225
Mass-Meeting, 85
Mayor, 46

Medical Association, 238
Merit System, 157
Misdemeanor, 142, 211
Minority President, 117

Money, Good, 166; History, 165;

How Our Government Raises,
181; Kinds, 168; Power of Con-
gress to Control, 172; Standard,
167; Uses, 166.
"Moss-Backs," 162
"Mud Tax," 224

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230; Improvements, 229; Labor
Board, 229; Problems, 230

Rates, 181, 230, 228

Ratio of 16 to 1, 167
Recall, 159

Recorder of Deeds, 46
Recreation, 208
Red Cross, 207, 238
Referendum, 160
Registration, 89

Related Industries, 30

Religious Freedom, 246

Reorganization of Departments, 131
Rights and Duties, 137
Rivers, 232

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