Bandits, Gangsters and the Mafia: Russia, the Baltic States and the CIS Since 1991Longman, 2001 - 439 頁 During the 1990s, the "roving bandits", big business or the oligarchs, stole Russia. They gained influence over President Yeltsin and his government, and gradually shaped policy in their own interests. In this first comprehensive account to explain why Russia took the course it did, Martin McCauley examines the period through the prism of government, including Yeltsin's shadow government, and looks at the military, police, security and intelligence services. Relations between Moscow and the regions, industry, agriculture, social policy and foreign policy are also explored. |
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第 38 頁
... reform was to strengthen the position of the communist ruling class , the nomenklatura , first and foremost the party elite . Gorbachev thought the system was fine . It was like an engine which needed an overhaul . It would take ...
... reform was to strengthen the position of the communist ruling class , the nomenklatura , first and foremost the party elite . Gorbachev thought the system was fine . It was like an engine which needed an overhaul . It would take ...
第 113 頁
... reform parties . Those who were unhappy with Gaidar's reforms voted for Yavlinsky's Yabloko bloc , 7.9 per cent , and Shakhrai's Party of Russian Unity and Accord , 6.8 per cent . Hence about 30 per cent of voters supported the rapid ...
... reform parties . Those who were unhappy with Gaidar's reforms voted for Yavlinsky's Yabloko bloc , 7.9 per cent , and Shakhrai's Party of Russian Unity and Accord , 6.8 per cent . Hence about 30 per cent of voters supported the rapid ...
第 306 頁
... reform agriculture was from the top down . This had been the Soviet tradition . None of them had any particular interest in the rural economy and hence failed to realise that in order to reform suc- cessfully they had to build up ...
... reform agriculture was from the top down . This had been the Soviet tradition . None of them had any particular interest in the rural economy and hence failed to realise that in order to reform suc- cessfully they had to build up ...
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acquired administration affairs agriculture appointed attempted August bandits banks became become began Berezovsky Boris called capital cent Central centre changed Chechen Chechnya Chernomyrdin Chubais collective communist companies constitution deal December decline defence deputy developed Duma economic elections ensure enterprises farms federal finance forces foreign Gaidar Gorbachev head important increase industry interests Ivan Rybkin June land leader legislation major managers March military million ministry Moscow moved needed oblast October officials oligarchs organisation parliament party passed permitted political population President presidential Prime Minister privatisation problem production Putin reason reform regions republics responsible rubles rule Russian Security Council Sergei shares signed social Soviet Soviet Union tion took trade troops turned Vladimir vote wanted women Yeltsin young