Bandits, Gangsters and the Mafia: Russia, the Baltic States and the CIS Since 1991Longman, 2001 - 439 頁 During the 1990s, the "roving bandits", big business or the oligarchs, stole Russia. They gained influence over President Yeltsin and his government, and gradually shaped policy in their own interests. In this first comprehensive account to explain why Russia took the course it did, Martin McCauley examines the period through the prism of government, including Yeltsin's shadow government, and looks at the military, police, security and intelligence services. Relations between Moscow and the regions, industry, agriculture, social policy and foreign policy are also explored. |
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第 272 頁
... vouchers and labour could offset wage arrears against payment . State organisations were not permitted to acquire ... voucher legislation in the summer of 1992. Each citizen born by 2 September 1992 was to be issued with a voucher with a ...
... vouchers and labour could offset wage arrears against payment . State organisations were not permitted to acquire ... voucher legislation in the summer of 1992. Each citizen born by 2 September 1992 was to be issued with a voucher with a ...
第 273 頁
... vouchers and became a lobby group for privatisation . Vouchers were traded on the securities market and smart entrepreneurs quickly realised their poten- tial . So did enterprise managers . They set about buying vouchers from workers ...
... vouchers and became a lobby group for privatisation . Vouchers were traded on the securities market and smart entrepreneurs quickly realised their poten- tial . So did enterprise managers . They set about buying vouchers from workers ...
第 373 頁
... vouchers was used to privatise houses , flats , farms and com- panies expropriated during the communist era . From mid - 1994 , the vouchers could be used to purchase shares in companies , invest in invest- ment funds or to acquire ...
... vouchers was used to privatise houses , flats , farms and com- panies expropriated during the communist era . From mid - 1994 , the vouchers could be used to purchase shares in companies , invest in invest- ment funds or to acquire ...
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acquired administration affairs agriculture appointed attempted August bandits banks became become began Berezovsky Boris called capital cent Central centre changed Chechen Chechnya Chernomyrdin Chubais collective communist companies constitution deal December decline defence deputy developed Duma economic elections ensure enterprises farms federal finance forces foreign Gaidar Gorbachev head important increase industry interests Ivan Rybkin June land leader legislation major managers March military million ministry Moscow moved needed oblast October officials oligarchs organisation parliament party passed permitted political population President presidential Prime Minister privatisation problem production Putin reason reform regions republics responsible rubles rule Russian Security Council Sergei shares signed social Soviet Soviet Union tion took trade troops turned Vladimir vote wanted women Yeltsin young