V APPENDIX 1877 First Japanese ironclad launched at Poplar. 1878 Woosung Railway removed to Formosa. 1878 Kulja dispute with Russia. 1878 Herr von Brandt fails to obtain audience in Korea. 1879 Marquis Tseng arrives in London. 1879 Treaty of Ili signed by Chung How. 1880 Chemulpho opened to foreign trade. 261 1881 Decree issued convoking Japanese national assembly in -1881 1890. Alexander III. Tsar. 1881 Treaty of Ili. 1881 British ships visit Korea but fail to obtain trade facilities. 1882 American Treaty with Korea. 1882 1883 Revolution in Seoul. Trouble with France in Tonkin. 1883 Sir Harry Parkes appointed Minister at Peking. 1883 Treaty of Commerce, Japan and Korea. 1883 Treaty between Great Britain and Korea, 26th November. 1884 Treaty between China and France. 1884 Keelung bombarded by the French. 1884 Admiral Courbet destroys Chinese fleet at Fuchow. 1884 French Ambassador leaves Peking. 1884 French Protectorate recognised over Tonkin and Annam. 1884 Russian Treaty with Korea. 1884 Insurrection in Korea, China assumes sovereignty. 1885 Peace signed between France and China. 1885 Death of Sir Harry Parkes. 1885 Sir Robert Hart appointed British Minister in Peking. 1885 French Treaty with China. Convention between China and Japan re Korea. 1886 Sir John Walsham succeeds Sir R. Hart. 1886 Burmese Frontier Convention between Great Britain and 1886 Great Britain occupies Port Hamilton. 1887 Kwangsu Emperor of China. 1887 Great Britain withdraws from Port Hamilton. 1887 Russia pledges herself never to occupy Korea. 1887 Count Ito introduces Western dress and habits in Japan. 1887 China issues proclamation re-asserting her suzerainty over Korea. 1888 Tientsin-Taku Railway opened. 1888 Overland Trade Convention, Russia and Korea. 1889 New Constitution promulgated by Mikado. 889 New commercial treaties with European Powers and Japan. 889 Treaty between Japan and Korea. 1890 Chungking Convention signed. 1890 Massacre of Christians at Jongtuytsin. 1890 Decree granting right of audience to Ministers at Peking. 1890 New Civil Code in Japan. 1890 First Japanese Parliamentary election. 1890 First Japanese Parliament opened by Emperor, 29th November. 1891 Tsar issues rescript for constructing Siberian Railway. 1891 Tsarevitch travels through Asia and is wounded in Japan. 1892 Mr. Nicholas O'Connor Minister at Peking. 1893 Eastern section Siberian Railway opened. 1893 Increase of Japanese Navy agreed on. 1894 Kwangsu receives Foreign Ministers. 1894 Nicholas II. Tsar. 1894 Rebellion in Korea, Japanese troops occupy Seoul. 1894 Korea renounces Chinese suzerainty. 1894 China declares War on Japan, 4th August. 1894 Chinese defeated at Ping Yang. 1894 Anglo-Japanese Treaty. 1894 Battle of the Yalu, 17th September. 1894 Japanese take Kinchow and Talienwan. 1894 Japanese take Port Arthur. 1894 Massacre of Chinese at Port Arthur. 1895 Independence of Korea proclaimed. 1895 Japanese take Wei Hai Wei. 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki signed, 17th April. 1895 Russia, France and Germany protest, 23rd April. 1895 Japanese abandon claim to Liaotung Peninsula. 1895 French Frontier Treaty signed with China. 1895 Massacre of missionaries at Whasang by vegetarians. 1895 Missionaries attacked at Fatshan. 1895 Edict ordering construction of Peking-Tientsin Railway. 1896 Sir Claude MacDonald, Minister at Peking. 1896 Li Hung Chang attends coronation at Moscow, and goes round the world. 1896 Cassini Convention. 1896 Trans-Manchurian Railway agreement. 1896 Russo-Japanese Convention respecting Korea. 1897 Lu-Han Central Railway concession granted. 1897 German missionaries murdered in Shantung. 1897 Germany occupies Kiao Chau, 14th November.. 1897 Russia occupies Port Arthur, 18th December. 1898 Kiao Chau leased to Germany, 10th January. 1898 German monopoly of development in Shantung announced 26th February. APPENDIX 263 1898 Russia recognises China's sovereign rights over Man churia. 1898 Convention leasing Port Arthur and Talienwan signed, 27th March. 1898 German Consul claims Shantung as sphere of German influence. 1898 Chinese Loan of 16 millions concluded with Great Britain and Germany. 1898 Convention leasing Wei Hai Wei to Great Britain, 1st July. 1898 Russia opposes Newchang Railway concession. 1898 Imperial edict founding a Chinese university on European lines. 1898 Edict according the right of memorialising Chinese Throne. 1898 Tsar issues Peace Manifesto. 1898 Dowager Empress Tsi Hsi assumes control of Government, 22nd September. 1898 Rescript withdrawing Emperor's edicts, 27th September. 1898 Kang Yu Wei escapes to Hong Kong. 1898 Chang Yen Huan banished. 1898 British, German and Russian Guards arrive at Peking. 1898 United States seizes Manila. 1898 Reactionary edicts issued by Dowager Empress. 1898 Kowloon extension agreement signed, 9th June. 1899 Anglo-Russian agreement re Spheres of Influence. 1899 Peace Conference meets at the Hague. 1899 Notification from United States re Open Door. 1899 Extraterritoriality ceases in Japan. 1899 Russian squadron sent to Masanpho.Jan 1900 Kiakhta-Peking Railway concession announced. 1900 Russia obtains lease of coaling station at Masanpho. 1900 Murder of Christians by Chinese at Kao-lou-tsun, 14th May. 1900 Powers send detachments to guard Legations at Peking, 30th May. 1900 Two missionaries murdered at Yenching, 1st June. 1900 Anti-foreign rising becomes general. Communications cut. Legations isolated, 4th June. 1900 Admiral Seymour with 2,000 men leaves Tientsin for relief of Peking, 10th June. 1900 M. Sugiyama, chancellor of Japanese Legation, murdered by Imperial soldiers in Peking, 11th June. 1900 Admiral Seymour surrounded by rebels at Langfang, 12th June. 1900 Taku forts fire on allied fleets, who bombard and capture them after six hours fighting, 17th June. 1900 Foreign settlements at Tientsin attacked by Boxers and Imperial troops, 17th June. 1900 Baron von Ketteler, German Minister in Peking, murdered by soldiers while on his way to the Tsungli Yamen, 18th June. 1900 Allied force 8,000 strong land at Taku and march on Tientsin, which they relieve, 23rd June. 1900 Admiral Seymour, who has succeeded in holding his own, though unable to advance or retire at Langfang, relieved by force 2,000 strong. He returns to Tientsin, 26th June. 1900 Despairing message received from Sir Robert Hart, 1st July. 1900 Report that Legations have fallen and inmates massacred, 4th July. 1900 Native city of Tientsin captured by allies, 14th July. 1900 Chinese rise in Manchuria and declare war against Russia, 17th July. 1900 Letter, describing incidents in the siege of the Legations, received from the Times correspondent in Peking, 1st August. 1900 Allied force 12,000 strong, leave Tientsin for relief of Peking Legations. Large numbers of Chinese dispersed with heavy loss at Pei-tsang, 5th August. 1900 Allied force occupies Yung-tsun, 6th August. 1900 Allied force enters Hosi-wu, 9th August. 1900 Chang Kia Wan occupied by the Allies, 11th August. 1900 Tungchow taken by the Japanese, 12th August. 1900 Allies force an entrance into Peking by blowing up the gates. Legations found still standing. Occupants safe. The Dowager Empress, Prince Tuan, and the rest of the palace party found to have disappeared. 15th August. 1900 Sacred Imperial city entered by the Allies, 17th August. APPENDIX B TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS TREATY OF NERCHINSK Signed between Russia and China 27th August, 1689 1. THE boundary between Russia and China is to be formed by the river Kerbechi, near the Shorna, which enters the Amur, and the long chain of mountains extending from its sources to the Eastern Ocean. The rivers or rivulets which flow from the southern slope of these mountains, as well as all territories to the south of them, will thus belong to China. The territories and rivers to the north of the said mountain chain remain with the Empire of Muscovy. The boundary is further to be found by the river Argun, which enters the Amur; the territories south of the said river belong to the Emperor of China, those to the north of it to the Empire of Muscovy. The towns or dwelling-houses at present situated to the south of the Argun shall be moved to the northern bank of the river. 2. The fortress built by the Russians at a place called Atbazeir shall be demolished, and the subjects of the Tsar residing there shall remove with their property to Muscovite territory. Hunters of either empire shall on no pretence cross the frontiers. If one or two persons cross the frontier to hunt, steal, or pilfer, they shall be arrested and given up to the nearest Imperial officers to be punished according to their deserts. In case, however, armed parties of ten or fifteen people cross the frontiers to hunt or plunder, or in case of any person being killed, a report shall be sent in to both emperors, and the parties found guilty shall be punished with death. On no account shall war be declared in consequence of any excess committed by private parties. 3. Everything which has occurred hitherto is to be buried in eternal oblivion. 4. Neither party shall receive fugitives or deserters from the |