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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
THE COUNTRIES OF THE FAR EAST
PAGE
The countries of Eastern Asia-Their antiquity-Their population-
Early intercourse with foreigners-China-Its area and population—
Its provinces and government-Its resources-Manchuria-Korea-
Its coast line-Its islands-Japan-Area and population-The
Japanese-Modern Japan-Oriental France-Asiatic Russia-Britain
in the Far East-America on the Pacific-Rivalries between the
Eastern Powers-Contrast in methods . 1
CHAPTER II
THE DAWN OF WESTERN INFLUENCE
Early travellers in Asia-Marco Polo-Raphael Perestralo-Fernand
Perez D'Andrade-Arrival of the Portuguese-Mendez Pinto-
William Adams-English travellers in the East-Captain Saris-The
British East India Company-Captain Weddell-Russian intercourse
with China-The opening up of Siberia-Feodor Golovin-Treaty of
Nerchinsk-Kamchatka-Leon Ismaloff-Vladislavitch-American
relations with the East-Portuguese efforts-Lord Macartney's
mission-Lord Amherst's mission-Singapore-Captain Elliot-
Commissioner Lin-The "Opium War"-Sir Henry Pottinger-
Treaty of Nanking.
15
CHAPTER III
THE OPENING UP OF CHINA
China after the Treaty of Nanking-Sir John Bowring and Commissioner
Yeh-Canton forts seized-Treaty of Tientsin-Sir Hope Grant
-The march on Peking-Treaty of Aigun-Treaty of Peking-The
opening of the Yangtse Kiang-The Taeping Rebellion-Western
intercourse-China and Japan-Formosa-Murder of Augustus
Margary-Chifu Convention-France and China-The Emperor
Kwangsu-China-Japanese War-Events in Korea-The Cassini
Convention-Occupation of Kiao Chau-Port Arthur-Wei Hai Wei
-Railway schemes-Their prospects-The Emperor's reform decrees
-His retirement-Tsi Hsi's coup d'état-The Kowloon extension-
The Anglo-Russian agreement
35
CHAPTER IV
THE AWAKENING OF JAPAN
First contact with Western nations—Overtures from the United States
-Commodore Perry-The first treaty-Sir John Stirling-Treaty
with Great Britain-Diplomatic amenities-Commercial agreements
-Anti-foreign feeling-Attack on the British representative-
Attack on British Legation-Murder of Mr. Richardson-Bombard-
ment of Kagoshima-Saghalin-Attack on foreign vessels-The
Shimonoseki expedition-More outrages on foreigners-Sir Harry
Parkes-Recognition of the emperor's power-Abolition of the
Shogunate-The first audience-Attack on Sir Harry Parkes-A
constitution promulgated-First railway opened-Murder of Okubo
Toshimichi-Extra-territoriality-The war of 1894-5-Treaty of
Shimonoseki-The revised treaties
CHAPTER V
UNCLOSED KOREA
Exclusiveness of the Korean people-Early traditions-Relations with
China-Japanese descents-The invasion of Hideyoshi-Arrival of
missionaries-Their persecution-First French expedition-Oppert's
filibustering attempt-Fate of the General Sherman-Admiral
Rodgers-Trouble with Japan-Opening of Fusan-Herr von
Brandt's failure-Commodore Shufeldt negotiates American Treaty
-The British Treaty-Destruction of Japanese Legations-Conven-
58
tion of Tientsin-Murder of Kim Ok Kiun-The rising of the Tong
Haks-The China-Japanese War-Decline of Japanese influence—
Reform measures-Advent of Russia-The Treaty of Seoul-The
Treaty of Tokio-Russian activity in Korea-The Masanpho con-
cession-Railway enterprise-The coming struggle
CHAPTER VI
RIVAL POLICIES
Contrasts in method-Britain's idea in her Eastern intercourse-
American aims-Unselfishness of both-The charter of British
rights in China-Her predominance-Lack of appreciation of the
Oriental character-Chinese peculiarities-Corruptness-Venality-
Growth of trade-Policy of non-interference-The struggle for
China-The Russian aim-Rapidity of its attainment-Her methods
-Militarism-Communications-Precautions-Her thoroughness-
The seizure of Saghalin-Origin of the Siberian Railway-The Liao-
tung peninsula-British interests-Diplomatic negotiations-Russian
pledges-Their value-Manchurian railway agreement-Its effect
-Chinese desire for British support-Her fear of Russia-Cession
of Port Arthur-Party government and autocracy-French aims in
the Far East-Her ambitions political, not commercial-Her jealousy
of England-Her policy in the South--German aims-Portugal-
England and America the arbiters of the Far East-The treaty-port
system-Spheres of influence versus equality of opportunity-The
prospects of each-Doom of the latter-Future necessities-Growth
of Russian influence-The Powers and the "open door "-American
interests-The battle of the policies.
CHAPTER VII
OCCIDENT AND ORIENT
The workings of the Oriental mind-Its contrast with the European-
Chinese and Japanese-Variations in aim and character-Pro-
gression and retrogression-China's weakness-Japan's strength-
The future of Japan-A Vishnu or a Frankenstein-Her conceit—
Her self-restraint-National honesty-Abolition of extra-territori-
ality-The government of China-Its lack of cohesion-Corruptness
of the officials-Attitude towards foreigners-Prejudice against
progress-Intercourse with Korea-The future of that country-
xi
80
101
Rival aims of Western Powers-The constitution of Japan-The
-growth of Liberalism-Japan's influence in the Far East-Her pros-
pects and future-Hopelessness of a mutual understanding-The
struggle to the strong-The ambition of Japan-its attainment 133
CHAPTER VIII
THE SITUATION
Factors in the balance of power-Influence of force-Superiority of
Great Britain-Her resources-Her neglect of opportunities-Status
of Japan and Russia-Relative strength of the Powers in the Far
East-Preponderance of British interests-Hong Kong-Its defences
-Wei Hai Wei-Kiao (Chau-Vladivostok-Port Arthur-China's
weakness-Her navy-Her army-The Korean army-Japan-Her
armaments-Her navy-Her arsenals-Her army-Rival aims in the
Far East The policy of Japan-The limits of Russian action—
Conflict in method-England's gullibility-Muscovite influence-Its
success-Responsibility for crisis in China-How to check Russia-
The partition of China-Difficulty of agreement-Chances of the
struggle British action-The role of Japan-The alliance of France
-The crisis bound to come-The only hope for China
. 150
CHAPTER IX
UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
The future of the Siberian railways-The fate of China-The Yellow
Peril-The flooding of the markets of the World-C. H. Pearson's
theory-Lord Curzon's-The common-sense view-The reconstitution
of China-Contrast between Russia and that country-The future of
Japan-Her methods-The coming struggle-Its outcome-The
mission of civilisation
175
CHAPTER X
THE DUTY OF BRITAIN
The failure of British policy in the Far East-Evidence thereof-
Authorities quoted-Governmental vacillation and the "
-Growth of anti-foreign feeling in China-Its causes-
open door"
-Neglect of
precautions-The only course of action-Policy of Great Britain-
Prospects of an understanding among the Powers-Superiority of
Russian diplomacy-Necessity for strong action-The Stupid Party
-Neglect of Asiatic peoples-Missionaries-Necessity for a strong
minister at Peking-Interests of the Powers-Russian aggressive-
ness-Impossibility of an understanding-Russian treatment of
Asiatics-Necessary steps to restore British influence-Spheres of
influence-England's policy
xiii
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CHAPTER XI
THE STORY OF THE CRISIS
Anti-foreign feeling of the Chinese-British vacillation and its conse-
quences-The trouble in Pechili-Rising of the rabble-Remon-
strance of the foreign Ministers-Destruction of the railway—
Isolation of Peking-Admiral Seymour's advance-Taking of the
Taku Forts-Murder of the German Minister-Capture of Tientsin
-News from the Legations-Conflicting rumours-The advance of
1860-That of 1900-Delay on the part of the Powers-Dr. Morri-
son's letter to the Times-Advance of the relief force-Its successful
progress-Relief of Peking and succour of the besieged-The arming
of the Chinese-Who is responsible ?--The Russian press on the
situation-The prospect of the future-Difficulties of the situation-
The position of Japan
. 221
CHAPTER XII
THE PROSPECT
Causes controlling the future of the Far East-Civilisation bound to
triumph over barbarism-Dislike of hearing the truth-British
interests imperilled in Asia-The remedy-Necessity for prompt
and decisive action-Contrast between British and German
methods-Germany's Asiatic policy-The United States-The
future struggle-Tangible interests-Contrasts in method-The
balance of action-The financial question-Chinese debt-The debts
of Western Powers-The ambitions of Russia-Prospects of their
fulfilment―The absorption of Manchuria-Mongolia-North China
--Lessons of history-The prospect
. 237