Language PolicyCambridge University Press, 2004 - 250 頁 Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. In this up-to-date introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. Through looking at the language practices, beliefs, and management of social groups from families to supra-national organizations, he develops a theory of modern national language policy and the major forces controlling it, such as the demands for efficient communication, the pressure for national identity, the attractions of (and resistance to) English as a global language, and the growing concern for human and civil rights as they impinge on language. Two central questions asked in this wide-ranging survey are how to recognize language policies, and whether or not language can be managed at all. |
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... Language death . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . de Swaan , Abram , 1999 , The language constellation of the European Union . Paper presented at the International status and use of national languages in Europe : contributions ...
... Language death . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . de Swaan , Abram , 1999 , The language constellation of the European Union . Paper presented at the International status and use of national languages in Europe : contributions ...
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... language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages ; language choice as a human and civil right ; and language education policy . Through looking at the language practices , beliefs , and management of social groups from ...
... language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages ; language choice as a human and civil right ; and language education policy . Through looking at the language practices , beliefs , and management of social groups from ...
內容
Language practices ideology and beliefs and management and planning | 1 |
Driving out the bad | 16 |
Pursuing the good and dealing with the new | 26 |
The nature of language policy and its domains | 39 |
Two monolingual polities Iceland and France | 57 |
How English spread | 76 |
Does the US have a language policy or just civil rights? | 92 |
Language rights | 113 |
Monolingual polities under pressure | 133 |
Monolingual polities with recognized linguistic minorities | 143 |
Partitioning language space two three many | 161 |
Resisting language shift | 186 |
Conclusions | 217 |
224 | |
243 | |
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常見字詞
accepted activities Africa Afrikaans Arabic associated Basque beliefs bilingual education Bilingual Education Act British Catalan central choice Civil Rights colonial language complex Constitution continued countries cultural developed dialects diglossia dominant economic efforts elite endangered languages established ethnic European Fishman France French language German groups Hebrew Hindi human rights ideology immigrants implementation independence India indigenous languages individual Irish Islam language management language policy language practices language rights Latvia lingua franca linguistic diversity linguistic imperialism linguistic minorities linguistic rights literacy major Māori Māori Language medium of instruction million minority languages monolingual mother tongue multilingual national language Navajo official language percent plurilingual political population proficiency programs Quechua recognition recognized regional languages religious Republic reversing language shift Russian schools script social sociolinguistic Soviet Spanish speak spelling spoken Spolsky spread of English standard language status teaching tion United varieties vernacular Yiddish