tion, and of unusual independence for the time. Israel's paternal grandfather, Joseph, was about the only man in Salem, Massachusetts, who had the foresight to see, and the force of character to denounce and oppose, the wickedness of the witchcraft craze. For this wisdom in advance of his fellows, Joseph lost social caste, and came near losing his life. But his bravery saved him from the fury of the fanatics, which was visited without stint upon more timid men.

Livingston's Life of Putnam is finely illustrated, fac-simile letters written by the old hero being among the pictures which embellish the book.

By

Price 90

CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. George H. Martin, A. M. Cloth, 335 pages. cents. American Book Company, New York, Cincinnati and Chicago.

This book is really a condensed political history of the United States and the colonies out of which the union was formed and is intended for a school text book. It also contains an explanation and review of the various forms of government existing in the world.

Part III. treats of the constitutional government of Massachusetts, and a very clear idea is given of the town meeting system upon which New England government is based.

Part IV., comprising about 75 pages, is devoted to the constitution and government of the United States. In harmony with the general plan of the book, considerable attention is given to history, as well as to an exposition of the character and operation of government.

An appendix contains the declaration of indepen. dence and the constitution of the United States.

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"It is a question of the demand outweighing the supply. A beef trust could not limit the output of beef if fat cattle were plentiful and cheap. If it were possible to buy all in sight, dress, store and keep the meat for an indefinite period, such an action might be possible; but beef is perishable, and no man is bound down by laws prohibiting him killing and dressing meat for his own use and selling it to his neighbors. A capital of $30 or $40 is all that is required to open a butcher shop in a village when fat cattle sell at $4.50 to $5.00 a hundred. It is a business with so many possibilities that the beef trust could not block them all.

"As it is, beef cattle are selling from $6.75 to $7.25 a hundred. Take from this one-third waste, and the small butcher cannot compete. He cannot sell steaks at even twenty five cents a pound and make a profit. So the packing houses undersell him, not because of the trust, but because they make profit out of the offal which is waste to him."-G. W. OGDEN, in "Why the Price of Beef is High," World's Work.

"There are certain means which may not and shall not be used even if they should serve to bring a war to a speedy termination. There is something worse even than war: namely, the degrading of humanity to the brutal level of using abhorrent means to stop a war. In former times poison was sometimes administered or assassination was employed as a means of cutting off the life of the commander of the enemy's army, especially when his ability was the chief obstacle to success. Poisoning and assassination are prohibited in modern warfare; and yet it cannot be denied that if a conspiracy had been formed during our civil war to take off secretly the leading confederate generals-Robert E. Lee and

Johnston and a few others—and if it could have been carried out successfully, the result might have been to cause the speedy collapse of the confederacy, thus deprived of the strategic skill requisite for the leading of armies. By the sacrifice of a few lives, tens of thousands of lives might have been saved and incalculable suffering prevented. And yet, in what frame of mind do you suppose would McClellan, or Grant, or the president, or the people of the North have received the proposition to end the war by assassinating the ablest commanders on the other side? And this shows that the speedy termination of the struggle, at any cost, is not the sole nor the supreme rule that should govern action; that there are certain means which, however they may conduce to that end, we dare not use because they are unhallowed and infamous; and the distinction between civilized and uncivilized methods is just this distinction between the sort of means which a civilized people will permit itself to use and that which it will not permit itself to use."-PROF. FELIX ADLER, in "The Philippine War: Two Ethical Questions," The Forum.

For several years the advertisements of the Mead Cycle Company have appeared in the columns of GUNTON'S MAGAZINE. Every year the business of this company has grown, until now it exceeds 50,000 bicycles sold through mail orders all over the world each year. The Mead Cycle Company keeps its factories running all winter, storing up wheels of the finest quality, and is always ready in the spring and summer to fill orders promptly. The Mead Cycle Company can ship any wheel at any price the same day the order is received. When writing for catalogues and prices mention GUNTON'S MAGAZINE and address Mead Cycle Company, Dept. R 183, Chicago.