India'; 'Master and Men'; 'The Gypsy Girl, and the pantomimes 'Puss in Boots' and 'Puss in New Boots. Among the farces and comedies under his name, are: Mother-in-law (1881); "The Member for Slocum (1881); Flats for Charles Wyndham (1881); 'The Gay City (1881); and The Half-Way House.' He also wrote a number of extravaganzas, burlesques and comic operas. One of his bèst known poems was Osler Joe. His books include: Dorcas Dene, Detective' (1897); Once upon a Christmas Time (1898); In London's Heart'; 'A Blind Marriage'; 'Living London'; Among My Autographs'; 'The Life We Live': 'How the Poor Live'; 'The Dagonet Ballads, etc. My Life' (1917.) The King of Norway gave him the order of Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olaf in 1905.

SINGAPORE. See STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. SINGH, SIR Partab, Regent of Jodhpur, India: b. 21 Oct. 1845; d. Simla, British India, 4 Sept. 1922. He was the second son of Maharajah Takht Singh of iodhpur, head of the great Rathor clan of Rajputs. From early years he was distinguished for his horsemanship and manly sports of every kind, accomplishments that were of great value to him when he became Dewan in 1878 to his elder brother, the late Maharajah Sir Jeswant Singh. When his nephew, Sir Sardar Singh, succeeded to the title as a minor, he became Regent. In 1902 the Paramount Power selected him as a collateral relative to succeed the Maharajah of Idar, Bombay Presidency, who had died in infancy. Both he and his consort, the benevolent and sympathetic Mahranee Bhadyanyi, who died in 1907, became greatly beloved. Upon the death of his nephew, Sir Sardar Singh, in 1911, Sir Partab was once again called to be Regent of Jodhpur, this time for his grand-nephew, Maharajah Sumer Singh, then 13 years of age. Sir Partab introduced far-reaching reforms in every department of the State of Jodhpur, suppressed crime and in every way possible worked for the benefit of the people. Through the construction of large irrigation works under his administration the country was relieved from famine to which it had been chronologically subject. Internal communications were also developed. His career as a soldier equaled his record as a statesman. He first saw actual service in 1877, when he was attached to the Kabul Mission, headed by the late Sir Neville Chamberlain and he was made Companion of the Order of the Star of India, the first of many honors given him by Queen Victoria, King Edward and King George. When the Northwest frontier was in revolt in 1897-98, he served on the staff in both the Mohmand and Tirah campaigns; and during the latter concealed the fact that he had been wounded until it was discovered by accident. The famous "Sirdar Rissala," or "Jodhpur Lancers," formed and trained by himself, did excellent service under his command in the operations of 1900-01 against the Chinese Boxers. Sir Partab was in charge of the Imperial Service section of the representative body of Indian troops that went to England for King Edward's Coronation. When the World War broke out Sir Partab

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"would not be denied his right to serve the King-Emperor in spite of his 70 years”; and he arrived in France accompanied by the youngest of India's princely fighters, his grand-nephew and ward, the Maharajah of Jodhpur, then 16. Subsequently his adopted son and successor at Idar also served at the front. He endured trench warfare but did not like it and frequently said his "great ambition was to die on the battlefield, fighting for the King-Emperor." Of his prowess on the chase and in the saddle many stories are preserved, particularly in the autobiography of Lord Roberts. Even in his advanced years he was cool on a tiger hunt and could play polo with all the dash, courage and staying-power of the youngest. This veteran warrior-statesman so strikingly exemplified the noble ideals of Raijput chivalry, valor and fidelity that for three generations he occupied a unique place in the affections of the British Empire. King George wrote a tribute on learning of his death, in which he added this personal note: "His attendance upon me as aide-de-camp during my two visits to India, gave me special opportunities of realizing his noble character and genial companionship."

SIOUX FALLS UNIVERSITY, a Baptist co-educational institution, founded in 1883 and located at Sioux Falls, S. D. In 1922-23 it had a faculty of 15 members, 200 students, property valued at $138,000 and endowment of $218,000, and an income of $61,000. Fred G. Boughton is president.

SKATING. See SPORTS.

SKIDMORE COLLEGE, a non-sectarian educational institution for women, founded in 1911 and located at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. In 1922-23 it had a faculty of 45 members, 390 students, and property valued at $1,325,000. Income figures not given. Charles H. Keyes, Ph.D., is president.

SLAVONIA. See CROATIA AND SLAVONIA.

SLEEPING-SICKNESS (encephalitis lethargica). This disease, according to the United States Public Health Service, is slow in developing and long in duration. The period of convalesence is variable; in some cases recovery is completed within two weeks after the subsidence of the acute symtoms; but in others it is prolonged and leaves its record on the mind, on certain muscles and on the nerves of the cranium. The mental troubles, however, usually pass off eventually. In a bulletin relating to the subject, which was issued in March 1923, Surgeon-General H. S. Cumming of the United States Public Health Service said: "The appearance of encephalitis in epidemic form has, except for one epidemic reported from Austria, always been preceded by an epidemic of influenza. Forty-six per cent of the cases studied by Dr. Smith had had influenza and 54 per cent had not. The influenza-attack rate has been ascribed to the lowering of the vitality of the patients by the influenza; but has also been explained as being really due to another attack of influenza which has invaded the central nervous system of the body. Whether or no there is any connection between the two diseases has not yet been established.

"The United States Public Health Service has no statistics in regard to the prevalence of encephalitis lethargica, popularly known as sleeping sickness, that are sufficiently reliable and complete to warrant a statement as to the extent of the disease throughout the United States. The disease is 'reportable' by physicians in comparatively few States; and in the larger part of the country the only data available are based on newspaper reports. Moreover the disease is rather casy to confuse with some other diseases; and its prevalence is therefore likely to be unduly magnified. Thus, in an investigation made by Dr. H. F. Smith, of the Public Health Service, of the 1918-19 epidemic, 22 per cent of the supposed cases had to be excluded as being really cerebro-spinal meningitis, cerebral syphilis, brain abscess, tuberculous meningitis, epilepsy, poliomyelitis, hysteria, or acute alcoholism.

"The disease appears to be only difficultly communicable. Not a single secondary case is known to have occurred in the immediate families of the patients reported in 1918–19, although some 900 persons were exposed.

"The fatality is rather high. Of the 159 cases studied by Smith, death resulted in 46, or 29 per cent.

"It is interesting, though perhaps not significant, that the peak of the outbreak of 191819 was reached in New York City in January; in Virginia in February, and in Louisiana, Texas, and Illinois in March. In California the largest number of cases reported in any one month was in April. Whether this progress was related to the season of the year or was merely a result of the spread of the disease is not known. Comparison with the present spread may throw some light on the subject." See also MEDICINE AND SURGERY, ADVANCEMENT OF.

SMALLPOX. See PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, UNITED STATES.

SMITH, Alexander, Scottish chemist: b. Edinburgh, 11 Sept. 1865; d. Edinburgh, 9 Sept. 1922. He was graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 1886 and from the University of Munich with the degree of Ph.D. in 1889. He was assistant in chemistry at the University of Edinburgh in 1889-90, and professor of chemistry and mineralogy at Wabash College in 1890-94. He then taught chemistry in the University of Chicago and became director of general and physical chemistry there, and from 1911-21 was head of the department of chemistry at Columbia University, New York. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and honorary member, Spanish Society of Physics and Chemistry (Madrid). His Laboratory Outline of General Chemistry) and Introduction to General Inorganic Chemistry) have been translated into German, Russian, Italian and Portuguese. He also published 'General Chemistry for Colleges' (1898) and 'Text-book of Elementary Chemistry) (1914). The University of Edinburgh gave him the degree of LL.D. in 1919.

SMITH, Delavan, American newspaper publisher: b. Cincinnati, Ohio, 28 Dec. 1861; d. Lake Forest, Ill., 25 Aug. 1922. He was educated at Lake Forest Academy, Lake Forest

College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Smith became connected with the Indianapolis News in 1892, when his father, William Henry Smith, acquired an interest in it, became one of the principal owners of the paper when the elder Smith died in 1896, and for a number of years before his own death was its publisher. Associated with him for several years in the ownership of the paper were his brother-in-law, Charles R. Williams, editorin-chief from 1892 to 1911, and his cousin, the late Charles Warren Fairbanks, VicePresident of the United States, 1905-09. In May 1909, Mr. Smith and Mr. Williams were indicted on a charge of criminal libel alleged to have been committed in connection with criticisms of the Panama Canal purchase. They successfully resisted an effort to take them to Washington for trial and the case was dropped. Mr. Smith was a member of the American Historical Association, the Chicago Historical Society, and various clubs. He was also vicepresident of the Oliver Typewriter Company.

SMITH, Stephen, American physician: b. Skaneateles, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 19 Feb. 1823; d. Montour Falls, near Elmira, N. Y., 26 Aug. 1922. He received an academic education and was graduated in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, in 1850. Brown University gave him the degree of A.M. in 1876 and the University of Rochester, LL.D. in 1891. He was attending surgeon at Bellevue Hospital, New York, in 1854; professor of surgery, 1861-65 at Bellevue Hospital Medical College; professor of surgery, New York University, 1874; editor of the New York Journal of Medicine, 1857-60; editor, New York Medical Times, 1860-64; investigated sanitary condition of New York in 1865; United States Commissioner to Ninth International Sanitary Convention, Paris, 1894; and was founder and first president of the American Public Health Association. He served on many boards of health, was commissioner in lunacy and a commissioner of the New York State Board of Charities. His publications include: 'Handbook of Surgical Operations': 'Principles of Operative Surgery); 'Doctor in Medicine'; "The City that Was, describing conditions in New York before his sanitary reforms; and 'Who is Insane'? He was six months short of being 100 years old. His recipe for longevity was: "Work and keep out of the easy chair; don't eat too much meat; drink lots of milk and get plenty of sleep."

SMITH COLLEGE, a non-sectarian educational institution for women, founded in 1871 and located at Northampton, Mass. In 192223 it had a faculty of 227 (including office and library staff), 2,038 students, property valued at $509,073.49 and an income of $1,269,020.26. William Allan Neilson, Ph.D., LL.D., is

president.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. The institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America "to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an estab

lishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men."

These purposes the institution carries out by means of research and exploration and by its various series of publications which are distributed throughout the world. During the fiscal year 1922 the institution conducted or co-operated in a number of researches and explorations, among which may be mentioned Secretary Walcott's geological researches in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and Assistant Secretary Abbot's work on the solar constant of radiation. Other lines of work included paleontological researches in various parts of the United States; a botanical reconnaissance of southeastern Asia for the special purpose of collecting the bamboos, many of which are of economic interest; a biological collecting expedition to Australia, which is of special value because the remarkable fauna of that continent is rapidly being exterminated through various causes; two botanical expeditions to Central America; and a number of other explorations.

The institution and its branches published during the year a total of 164 volumes and pamphlets, of which there were distributed 165,196 copies.

The library of the institution received during the year 15,796 additions. This brings the total number of volumes, pamphlets, etc. in the library to 1,079,400.

BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION.

National Museum.- Undoubtedly the most important event of the year for the National Museum was the receipt and installation of the Herbert Ward collection of African ethnologica and sculptures. This collection, one of the most important ethnological units in the world, was brought together by Herbert Ward, an Englishman, who was with Stanley on his famous exploring expedition through Africa. It consists of 2.700 ethnological specimens and 19 superb sculptures in bronze of African natives by Mr. Ward.

An actual beginning was made during the year toward establishing the Loeb collection of chemical types, a permanent reference or study collection of new substances and original material resulting from chemical research, funds for the maintenance of which were bequeathed by Prof. Morris Loeb, the eminent chemist, who died in 1912. Two specially constructed cabinets were received from the Chemists' Club of New York and a portion of each of seven new chemical compounds discovered in the United States Department of Agriculture were deposited in the collection. It is planned to solicit all available new chemical material, with the view of eventually making of the Loeb collection a complete series for the use of investigators in chemistry.

The Museum acquired during the year a total of 359,677 specimens. In the department of biology the outstanding feature of the year's accessions is the collection of about 100,000 insects collected by Dr. William Mann in South America, especially eastern Bolivia. Another important collection of insects was that made by Dr. J. M. Aldrich in Alaska, which numbered around 10,000 specimens. A considerable con

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signment of biological material, mostly vertebrates, was received from Mr. Charles M. Hoy, who has been working in Australia under the auspices of Dr. W. L. Abbott. In geology a number of valuable additions were made to the collections, among them specimens of Bolivian tin and tungsten ores from Mr. F. L. Hess; rich examples of carnotite and hewittite presented by the Standard Chemical Co., Naturita, Colo.; and eight gold nuggets donated by Mr. Frank Springer.

The number of visitors to the Natural History Building during the year was 441,604; to the Arts and Industries Building, 262,151; and to the Aircraft Building, 46,380.

National Gallery of Art.- Among the accessions received by The National Gallery during the year was a portrait of President Grant, presented by Mrs. U. S. Grant, jr.; an oil painting entitled "The Signing of the Treaty of Ghent," by Sir A. Forestier, presented to the Smithsonian Institution by the Sulgrave Institution; a painting entitled "Tohickon," by Daniel Garber, provided through the Henry Ward Ranger bequest; and a portrait of Edwin H. Harriman, an artist's proof etching, one of 21 from the copper.

Preliminary steps had been taken at the end of the year toward the acceptance of a rich collection of British masterpieces brought together by the late John H. McFadden, of Philadelphia. The collection comprises 44 notable examples of the work of 19 British artists, and the acceptance of this valuable loan is regarded with much favor.

The first annual meeting of the National Gallery of Art Commission was held on 6 Dec. 1921. Reports of the committees were presented and many important matters relating to the gallery were discussed, among them the urgent need of a National Gallery Building and the problem of the acceptance of proferred works of art while the gallery has for exhibition purposes only the large central hall of the Natural History Building of the National Museum.

Freer Gallery of Art.- The Freer Gallery of Art, an independent unit of the National Gallery of Art, continued work on the collections preparatory to the opening of the gallery to the public in the spring of 1923. This building and the superb collection of Oriental and American art which it was built to house, are both the gift of the late Charles Lang Freer, of Detroit, to the nation, through the Smithsonian Institution. Work during the year included chiefly the classification and cataloguing of Chinese, Japanese, and Tibetan paintings, Chinese tapestries, and Chinese and Japanese pottery; the preliminary classification of Korean pottery and Chinese and Japanese stone sculptures and jades; and the cataloguing of American paintings, drawings, and prints.

Bureau of American Ethnology. The material culture and ceremonials of the American. Indian are being modified so rapidly through contact with the white race that it is imperative for the Bureau to make every effort to record all possible data bearing on the aboriginal Indian culture. The desirability of preserving this material so that accurate knowledge of this interesting and vanishing race may be available for future generations is evident.