Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New ApproachesRoutledge, 2006年5月2日 - 185 頁 Policies concerning language use are increasingly tested in an age of frequent migration and cultural synthesis. With conflicting factors and changing political climates influencing the policy-makers, Elana Shohamy considers the effects that these policies have on the real people involved. Using examples from the US and UK, she shows how language policies are promoted and imposed, overtly and covertly, across different countries and in different contexts. Concluding with arguments for a more democratic and open approach to language policy and planning, the final note is one of optimism, suggesting strategies for resistance to language attrition and ways to protect the linguistic rights of groups and individuals. |
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accepted agendas Arabic battles bilingual bottom-up boundaries Chapter citizenship code-switching codes communication contexts covert create de facto decisions declared policies democracy of inclusion democratic discussed diverse East Jerusalem educational systems effects English language entities especially facto language policies facto language practices facto policies forms global groups guage Hebrew Hebrew language home languages hybrids identity immigrants imposing individuals interaction Israel Jewish Jewish languages Jews knowledge Ladino language behaviors language correctness language education policies language ideologies language laws language rights language tests language(s large number legitimacy linguistic major manipulating language markers mechanisms multilingual nation-state national languages negotiations number of languages official language ofthe perpetuate personal rights personal rights associated policy devices political proficiency public space regard representation role schools Shohamy situations social society speakers Spolsky standard status symbol teachers teaching terms of language top-down variety view of language violation Yiddish Zionist