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[From 220 B.C. the rest of the world is drawn rapidly into the stream of Roman development. ]

Second Punic War; Spain a Roman province.
Cannae.

First Macedonian War.

Capture of Syracuse; all Sicily becomes Roman.
Battle of the Metaurus.

218-201

216.

215-205

212.

207.

202.

Zama.

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Second Macedonian War.

Cynoscephalæ; Macedonia a dependent ally.

War with Syria.

Magnesia; Syria a dependent ally.

Third Macedonian War.

Pydna.

The Jews, under the Maccabees, become independent of
Syria.

Third Punic War.

Destruction of Carthage and Corinth; Macedonia and Africa become Roman provinces; Greece dependent.

First Slave War in Sicily.

The Province of Asia organized.

Tiberius Gracchus, tribune.

Caius Gracchus, tribune.

The Jugurthine War.

Aquae Sextiae.

The Social War.

Sulpicius, tribune; Sulla masters Rome.

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First Mithridatic War.

Cinna and Marius.

Civil War between Sulla and the democrats.

Second Mithridatic War.

Sulla, dictator.

Pompey goes to Spain against Sertorius.

Third Mithridatic War.

Spartacus' rising.

Pompey and Crassus, consuls.

Pompey's special commissions against the Cilician pirates

and against Mithridates.

Pompey makes the Jews a tributary state.

Cicero, consul; Catiline's conspiracy.

The First Triumvirate.

Caesar's consulship.

Caesar's conquest of Gaul.

Caesar's invasion of Britain.

Civil war between Caesar and the oligarchic "Republicans.”

Pharsalus.

Thapsus.

Munda.

Caesar assassinated.

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Second Triumvirate.

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[For the reigns of the emperors to 476 A.D., see §§ 458-461, 516–519, and 572-573.]

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Hermann's victory over Varus in the Teutoberg forest.
Beginning of the conquest of Britain.

The year of anarchy after the death of Nero.

Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus.

Destruction of Pompeii by an eruption of Vesuvius.

Conquest of Britain completed by Agricola.

Conquest of Dacia by Trajan.

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, emperor.

All freemen in the empire become Roman citizens.
Rise of the new Persian Empire.

Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, conquered by Aurelian.

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Reorganization by Diocletian.

Edict of Milan by Constantine.
Council of Nicaea.

Julian repulses the Alemanni.

The Visigoths admitted into the Empire.
Adrianople.

Alaric invades Italy.

Vandals invade Gaul and Spain.

Alaric sacks Rome.

Visigoths settle in Spain.

Vandals invade Africa.

Saxons (Jutes) invade Britain.

Attila repulsed at Châlons.

Rome sacked by the Vandals.

Odoacer deposes Romulus Augustulus.

TEUTONIC AND ROMAN EUROPE.

Clovis at Soissons.

Theodoric conquers Odoacer.

Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy.

Clovis at Strassburg; accepts Catholic Christianity.
Justinian I., emperor.

Belisarius and Narses reconquer Italy for the empire.
The Lombards enter Italy.

Gregory the Great becomes Pope.

Heraclius, emperor, saves Europe from the Persians.

The Mohammedan Hegira.

Dagobert.

Battle of Testry.

The Saracens enter Spain.

Leo III, at Constantinople, repulses the main Saracenic invasion of Europe.

Charles the Hammerer repulses the Spanish Mohammedans at Tours.

Pippin, king of the Franks.

Karl and Karlomann succeed Pippin.

Karl (Charlemagne) sole king of the Franks.

Irene seizes the imperial throne at Constantinople.

Charlemagne crowned emperor at Rome.

Death of Charlemagne.

II. A CLASSIFIED BIBLIOGRAPHY.'

THE following works are classified, first by subject, according to the general treatment in this text-book; and then, under each subject, in two groups. In the judgment of the writer, all high school libraries should contain Group I. under each division, or an equivalent; and large high schools may, with advantage, possess Group II. also. A reduction of from twenty to thirty per cent from the list price can usually be obtained. For a discussion of the value of the principal works, it is well to consult Charles Kendall Adams' Manual of Historical Literature (Harpers).

Works marked with a should be present in more than one copy.

When a book belongs to a series, the name of the series, in quotation marks, is given in a parenthesis after the title. In the case of translations, the translator's name is sometimes given after the title, in parenthesis.

PRIMITIVE SOCIETY; RACE. (See Introduction.)

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DODGE (R. J.), Our Wild Indians. $2.50.
GRINNELL (GEORGE B.), The Indians of To-day. $5.00. Chicago 1900.
HOERNES (MORRIS), Primitive Man. $0.40. "Temple Primers."

Hartford .

1882.

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KEARY (C. F.), The Dawn of History. $1.25. Scribners
MASON (O. T.), Woman's Share in Primitive Culture. $1.75.

1895.

Appleton

1894.

Mediterranean

1901.

SERGI (G.), The Mediterranean Race. $1.00. Scribners

1 The following lists do not include all the works referred to in the text, because some there mentioned contain only a few pages suitable for students in secondary schools.

GROUP II.

GOMME (G. L.), Ethnology and Folklore. $.75. London
LANG (ANDREW), Custom and Myth. $1.50. Longmans

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1887.

Myth, Ritual, and Religion. 2 vols. $4.00. Longmans RIPLEY (W. Z.), The Races of Europe. 2 vols. $5.00. Appleton 1899. Spencer (Herbert), Ceremonial Institutions. $1.25. Appleton 1880. TAYLOR (ISAAC), Origin of the Aryans. $1.00. TYLOR (E. B.), The Early History of Mankind.

London
$3.50. Holt

ORIENTAL HISTORY. (See Part I.)

GROUP I.

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1892. 1870.

.

1885.

HOSMER (J. K.), The Jews ("Nations"). $1.25. Putnams
MASPERO, Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria. $1.50. Appleton 1892.
Egyptian Archaeology. $3.00. London

These two volumes last-named can be spared, perhaps, if the
next and more valuable work is present.
Dawn of Civilization. $7.50. Appleton

The first of three large volumes dealing with Oriental history;
it brings the story down to about 1600 B.C. The two other
works, as less essential, are given in Group II.
PETRIE (W. M. F.), History of Egypt. 2 vols.
Records of the Past (edited by Sayce). 6 vols. $6.00. London.

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1889.

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1896.

$3.00. London. 1896.

1888-1892.

Translations of inscriptions, with comments. SAYCE (A. H.), Assyria: Its Princes, Priests, and People. $1.00. 1890.

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All three published by The Religious Tract Society, London.

Babylonians and Assyrians. $1.50. Scribners

1889.

Early History of the Hebrews. $2.00. Macmillan.

1897.

GROUP II.

Hibbert Lectures (The) for 1892. $3.00. Scribners.

LAYARD (A. H.), Nineveh and Babylon. $1.50. Barnes & Co.,

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MCCURDY (J. F.), History, Prophecy, and the Monuments. 3 vols. $6.00. Macmillan

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