candles, soap, cigars, preserves, and confectionery; foundries and machine shops.

How Reached. By railroad, by Central Highway, by airplane, or by coastwise steamers.

Banks. First National Bank of Boston; National City Bank of New York; Royal Bank of Canada; Bank of Nova Scotia. Hotels.-Casa Grande; Venus; America; Imperial. Note. Santiago is second in importance among the cities of Cuba. Most of the leading wholesalers, distributors, and agents in Habana have subagents in Santiago who handle the eastern end of the island for them. It is an important port, and some wholesalers and retailers make direct importations. Several important mining companies are located near Santiago. American vice consul in residence.

SANCTI SPIRITUS.—Province of Santa Clara; population, 92,006. Located 50 miles from the city of Santa Clara and 240 miles from Habana. Principal products: Sugarcane, tobacco, and cattle. Industries: Cigar and cigarette factories; farming; cattle raising; condensed-milk factory.

How Reached. By railroad or by Central Highway.

Banks. First National Bank of Boston; Royal Bank of Canada.

Hotels.-Plaza; Isla de Cuba; Perla de Cuba.

SANTA CLARA.-Capital of Province of Santa Clara; population, 99,363. Located 179 miles from Habana and 41 miles from Cienfuegos. Principal products: Sugar, tobacco, and cattle.

How Reached. By railroad or by Central Highway.

Banks. National City Bank of New York; Royal Bank of Canada.

Hotels. Santa Clara; Plaza; Telegrafo; Florida; Central; Suizo.

Note.-Santa Clara is the terminus for both the United Railways of Habana and the Cuba Railroad.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

AREA, TOPOGRAPHY, AND CLIMATE

The Dominican Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of the West Indies island known as Hispaniola, which is shared in the west by Haiti. The island, second largest in the Antilles group, lies between Cuba and Puerto Rico, between the 18th and 19th parallels north, just within the tropical zone.

Area and Topography.—The area of the Dominican Republic is approximately 19,332 square miles, twice that of the adjacent Republic of Haiti and more than five times the area of Puerto Rico lying some 45 miles to the east. Four mountain ranges cross the country from east to west. The Pico Trujillo, in the central portion of the island, rises to well over 10,000 feet and is reputed to be the highest point in the West Indies.

Climate. While the climate is tropical, it is for the most part neither unpleasant nor unhealthful, and largely because of the high mountains and the trade winds, is much more varied than might be expected in such a comparatively small land body. The island is far enough north, however, to have a cool season extending from November until April. Even during the warm season the temperature seldom goes above 90° F., and the nights are relatively cool. During the summer the humidity is relatively high. The winter months constitute a definitely dry season. Following the equinoxes are the wettest periods of the year. Throughout the summer it is likely to rain at any time, although there are considerable periods of dry weather. The western third of the Republic, bordering on Haiti, is semiarid, with actual desert conditions in some regions.

POPULATION AND PURCHASING POWER

Population. On the basis of Government estimates made in 1937, the population of the country was reported at 1,587,437. There has been a considerable intermixing of races. Continental American residents are estimated to number little more than 400, although several thousand American citizens of Puerto Rican origin are residing in the country.

Illiteracy is high among the laboring classes, but the minority in control of the country's economic, social, and political life is composed of educated, progressive persons, usually of some wealth.

Income. For the majority of the population, since the chief industry of the country is sugar production and the raising of other agricultural staples (such as cacao, coffee, and tobacco), wages may be considered as the basis of income. The basic daily wage for labor is generally about 30 cents, and annual per capita income for the population as a whole is estimated at no more than $200. Large agricultural enterprises (such as the 13 sugar estates in the country) which require capital investment are controlled by foreigners, and beyond landholding and small industries, nationals have not invested locally to any important extent.

CHIEF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

The Dominican Republic is predominantly agricultural. Sugar, cacao, coffee, and tobacco are the principal export crops. Other important agricultural products are corn, beans, rice, oranges, bananas, coconuts, pineapples, and mangoes. Leading manufactures are shoes, cigarettes, rum, cigars, furniture, shirts, straw hats, tiles, soap, beer, starch, matches, and sole leather. Exports during 1938 amounted to $14,347,033. Countries purchasing from the Dominican Republic were as follows in 1938: United States (32 percent), sugar, coffee, cacao, and molasses; England (20 percent), sugar, lignum vitae, and hides; Ireland (20 percent), mostly sugar; France (8 percent), sugar and coffee; Germany (3 percent), cacao, tobacco, scrap metal, and coffee.

Imports into the Dominican Republic in 1938 totaled $11,342,495. The sources of these imports were largely as follows: United States (54 percent), cotton goods, machinery, and pharmaceutical products; Japan (11 percent), textiles; Germany (8 percent), hardware, cement, and automobiles; British India (5 percent), jute bags, and rope.

TRANSPORTATION

American travelers can reach the Dominican Republic by both steamship and airplanes.

STEAMSHIP SERVICE. The principal lines are as follows: New York and Puerto Rico 88. Co. (25 Broadway, New York, N. Y.) provides weekly sailings (Thursdays) from Brooklyn for Dominican Republic (Ciudad Trujillo), via San Juan, Puerto Rico; time, slightly over 5 days; passengers, mail, and freight. Bull Insular Line, Inc. (40 West Street, New York, N. Y.), fortnightly service for freight and limited passenger space between New York, Ciudad Trujillo, San Pedro de Macoris, La Romana, Sanchez, Dominican Republic. Aluminum Line, regular fort

nightly passenger, mail, and freight service between New Orleans, Mobile, Port-au-Prince, Ciudad Trujillo, Curacao, La Guaira, Puerto Cabello, Surinam, Trinidad, and New Orleans, La. Lykes Line, occasional service with freight and limited passenger ships from Gulf ports to the Dominican Republic. Empresa Naviera de Cuba, S, A., sails every 21 days from Habana and Cuban ports to Ciudad Trujillo, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Curacao, La Guaira, and back via San Juan, Puerto Rico, Ciudad Trujillo, and Habana, Cuba; passenger, freight, and mail service. Horn Line (German), regular mail, passenger, and freight service once a month between Hamburg, Antwerp, Ciudad Trujillo, Jacmel, Kingston, Port-au-Prince, Santiago de Cuba, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. The Royal Netherlands SS. Co., regular fortnightly passenger, mail, and freight service between Ciudad Trujillo and Dominican ports to Curacao, connecting with Colon Line to Europe. Cie. Generale Transatlantique (French), regular monthly mail, passenger, and freight service from Ciudad Trujillo to Pointe-a-Pitre, F. W. I., where connections may be made for Europe; monthly freight service to other West Indian ports. Nippon Yusen Kaisha (Japanese), regular mail and freight service every 6 weeks from Japan via California ports, Panama, Venezuela, Curacao, Ciudad Trujillo, Habana, New Orleans, North Atlantic United States ports, and back to Japan. Empresa Naviera Dominicana, C. por A. (Dominican), freight and passenger service from Ciudad Trujillo and other Dominican ports to Netherlands West Indies. Fixed schedule not observed, although sailings are frequent.

AIR SERVICE.-Pan American Airways provides additional facilities for travelers through the operation of three airplanes weekly from Miami, Fla., to the Dominican Republic via Cuba and Haiti. Planes land at San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic, just 1 hour by automobile from the capital, Ciudad Trujillo. This stop is on the regular trunk line of the Pan American Airways system through to South America via Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles.

LOCAL TRANSPORTATION.-No railroads enter the capital. The only common-carrier roads in the country are the Stateowned Central Dominican Railway, which runs between Moca, Santiago, and Puerto Plata, a distance of 62 miles, and the privately owned Samana & Santiago Railway, which runs 87 miles between Sanchez, La Vega, and Moca. Travelers seldom use this mode of transportation, since automobile travel is more convenient.

Approximately 3,000 miles of highways and roads serve as the principal transportation routes in the Dominican Republic. All-weather routes are as follows: Ciudad Trujillo to San Pedro

de Macoris (46 miles); Ciudad Trujillo to Santiago de los Caballeros (109 miles); Santiago to Puerto Plata (40 miles); Santiago to Monte Cristi (75 miles); Monte Cristi to Dajabon, on the Haitian border at the north (24 miles); Ciudad Trujillo to the southern Haitian border point, at Comendador (161 miles).

Passenger-bus service operates between Ciudad Trujillo and San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago de los Caballeros, San Cristobal, and Barahona. Besides the busses, the larger towns are regularly served by automobiles of 5-passenger and 7-passenger capacity. While there are only about 2,000 passenger automobiles in the Dominican Republic, most of them are relatively new and in good operating condition. Regular passenger automobiles may be hired for trips to any part of the island, at charges no greater than in the United States for similar service.

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Under the Immigration Law and regulations which went into effect on June 1, 1939, passports and visas are waived in the case of visiting and transient Americans. Classified as visitors are those aliens who enter the Republic for business or study, pleasure, or curiosity. Visitors may be admitted for the period they request, up to a maximum of 60 days. Thereafter they may apply for an extension of time up to a maximum of 6 months. The fee for the latter is $400. Persons entering the country are generally requested to present a recent vaccination certificate.

ARRIVAL

Samples. Samples having no commercial value may be entered free of duty. It must be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs officials, however, that the samples are actually unsalable. If samples are salable and of commercial value, bond may be required to insure eventual payment of duties or reexport of the goods. The bond may be either cash or a guaranty by one of the local banks or insurance companies. Where the cash bond is used, a sum is deposited with the customs equal to the amount of the customs duties and internal revenue taxes applicable. When the articles are reexported, the cash bond is returned and no charge made for the service. Where a local bonding house is called upon to cover the duties by bond, charges for the service are as follows: $3 for a bond up to a value of $500; $5 from $500 to $2,000; from $2,000 up, one-fourth of 1 percent. These charges cover 30 days. additional charge of one-fourth of 1 percent is made for each additional 30 days or fraction thereof.

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