Guerrero; population, 7,500; fertile farming region. Iguala.(8 miles west of main highway) 161 miles; population, 12,008; noted for tropical fruit; hotel. Taxco.-183 miles; a climb of 3,000 feet from Iguala; silver mining; population, 3,372; hotels. Cuernavaca.-Capital of State of Morelos; population, 9,554; health resort, palace of Cortes, summer home of Maximilian; hotels. Mexico City.-281 miles from Acapulco.

Veracruz-Mexico City.-Distance, 286 miles. Veracruz.Population, 67,800; agriculture, manufacturing, and petroleum; leading crops, coffee, bananas, sugarcane, citrus fruits; cotton and jute mills; petroleum products, sugar, beer, and cigars. Jalapa.-63 miles from Veracruz, capital of the State of Veracruz; altitude, 4,552 feet; population, 36,812; hotel. "Tierra Caliente" (hot land) ends at Perote, 101 miles from Veracruz. San Hipolito.-178 miles, junction with Mexico City-Cordoba Highway. Puebla.-202 miles; altitude, 7,050 feet; capital of State of Puebla; population, 114,793; "Rome of Mexico"; churches, garages, hotels; industries include agriculture (sugarcane), manufacture of textiles. Rio Frio Pass, 44 miles from Puebla toward Mexico City is 9,751 feet above sea level. Mexico City.-296 miles from Veracruz, 84 miles from Puebla.

Mexico City-Guadalajara.-Distance, 422 miles. Toluca.Capital of the State of Mexico; population, 41.234; elevation, 8,770 feet; 40 miles from Mexico City. Morelia.-Capital of State of Michoacan; population, 39,916; hotels. Guadalajara.— Capital of State of Jalisco; population, 179,556; elevation, 5,000 feet; leading occupations, agriculture (grains, chickpeas, sugarcane, citrus fruit, bananas, coconuts, coffee, vegetables) and mining (gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc). Manufactures include textiles, shoes, soap, clothing, bricks, tile, pottery, glassware, crackers, beer, leather, flour, sugar.

Mexico City-Orizaba-Cordoba.-Distance, 243 miles. Puebla, 84 miles from Mexico City; Garci Crespo, 156 miles. Orizaba.196 miles; population, 42,904; trip from Garci Crespo best made early in day to avoid fog; textile center, large brewery, tropical fruits, vegetables. Cordoba.-243 miles from Mexico City; tobacco, coffee, tropical fruits. The highway from Cordoba to Veracruz, 76 miles, is under construction.

RAILROADS.-Railways and tramways in Mexico, according to data available, total 22,305 kilometers (13,860 miles). This includes 13,211 miles of steam roads, 90 miles of electrified steam roads, and 559 miles of tramways.

Chief ports of entry served by railroads are Veracruz; Tampico; Matamoros, opposite Brownsville, Tex., on the Gulf; Nuevo Laredo, opposite Laredo, Tex.; Piedras Negras, opposite Eagle Pass, Tex.; Guaymas, Mazatlan, Manzanillo, and Salina Cruz, on the West Coast.

Table 12.-Statistics of National Railways of Mexico,
1937 and 1938

Laredo-Mexico City.-Via Monterrey, Saltillo, San Luis Potosi, and Queretaro.-Air-conditioned trains run daily from Laredo, Tex., to Mexico City (30 hours), carrying through sleeping cars from St. Louis, Mo., with Spanish lounge-observation car from St. Louis to San Antonio and a combination diner and lounge car from San Antonio to Mexico City; dining car from St. Louis to Mexico. A fast train, the "City of Mexico" (airconditioned, colonial lounge car with radio, soda fountain, and shower baths) is operated by the Missouri Pacific between St. Louis, Mo., and Laredo, Tex., over its own lines and those of the Texas & Pacific and the International Great Northern; it is jointly operated by the Missouri Pacific and the National Railways of Mexico between Laredo, Tex., and Mexico City. This train leaves St. Louis on Sundays and arrives in Mexico City on Tuesdays; leaves Mexico City on Thursdays and arrives in St. Louis on Saturdays.

Los Angeles-Mexico City.-Via El Paso, Tex., Chihuahua, Torreon, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, and Queretaro, Mexico.-This service comprises a through Pullman car operated triweekly to and from Los Angeles and Mexico City (75 hours) by the Southern Pacific over its lines between El Paso and Los Angeles and by the National Railways of Mexico between Ciudad Juarez (across the border from El Paso) and Mexico City. Trains leave Los Angeles Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, and arrive in Mexico City Thursdays, Saturdays, and Tuesdays, respectively. There is a stop-over of 5 hours at El Paso in making connections. Also, there are daily air-conditioned trains between Mexico City and El Paso, carrying sleeping cars, diner, and lounge-observation car.

Los Angeles-Mexico City.-Via Nogales, Tex., Hermosillo, Culiacan, Mazatlan, Guadalajara, Irapuato, Celaya, and Queretaro, Mexico (85 hours). This train is operated triweekly over the Southern Pacific in each direction between Los Angeles and Nogales over the Southern Pacific of Mexico between Nogales and Guadalajara, Mexico, and over the National Railways of

Mexico between Guadalajara and Mexico City. Train leaves Los Angeles Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays, and arrives in Mexico City Thursdays, Saturdays, and Mondays, respectively; returning, it leaves Mexico City Saturdays, Mondays, and Wednesdays, and arrives in Los Angeles Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays, respectively. Between Nogales and Guadalajara the Pullman Company operates a cafe-lounge car in each direction on the Southern Pacific of Mexico, and all meals are served in that car by the Pullman Company. There is dining-car service by the Southern Pacific between Los Angeles and Nogales, and by the National Railways of Mexico between Mexico City and Guadalajara. This train is air-conditioned, and carries sleeping

cars.

OTHER RAIL ROUTES

Mexico City-Veracruz.-Via Orizaba and Cordoba.-A daily service is operated by the Mexican Railway Co., Ltd., between Mexico City and Veracruz (12 hours), with a combination diner and observation car on the daylight trip and sleeping cars on the night train.

Mexico City-Veracruz.-Via Jalapa, capital of State of Veracruz.-Interoceanic Railway of Mexico (134 hours) operates daily trains (over a narrow-gage road) in each direction, with sleeping cars; meals on board.

Mexico City-Guadalajara.—Via Queretaro and Celaya.-National Railways of Mexico (14 hours) operate daily service in each direction, with Pullman sleepers and dining cars.

Mexico City-Tampico.-Via San Luis Potosi.-National Railways of Mexico operate (27 hours) daily service between Mexico City and San Luis Potosi and between San Luis Potosi and Tampico, in both directions. Pullman sleepers and meals on board between Mexico City and San Luis Potosi, and Pullman sleepers between San Luis Potosi and Tampico.

Mexico City-Suchiate (on Guatemalan border).-Via Jalapa, Veracruz, and Talachula.-Daily service between Mexico City and Suchiate (47 hours), with sleeping-car accommodations and meals. The direct sleeping car from Mexico City to Suchiate is carried only on trains leaving Mexico City on Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, and from Suchiate to Mexico City on trains leaving on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays.

Mexico City-Oaxaca.-Via Puebla and Tehuacan.-National Railways of Mexico, narrow gage; 15 hours by triweekly service, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, to Oaxaca; and 16 hours, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays, to Mexico City from Oaxaca. These trains carry sleeping cars; meals served on board.

NOTE.-Recognized travel agencies, railway passenger agents, and the offices of the National Railways of Mexico at the following addresses in the United States can give additional informa

tion regarding rail travel in Mexico: 201 North Wells Building, Chicago, Ill.; 815 Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif.; 435 Whitney Bank Building, New Orleans, La.; 1886-90 Salmon Tower, New York, N. Y.; 2401 Smith-Young Tower, San Antonio, Tex.; 550 Monadnock Building, San Francisco, Calif.

STEAMSHIP SERVICE.-To Gulf Ports of Mexico.-New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Co.-A weekly passenger and freight service is operated by this line from New York to Veracruz via Habana and Progreso, south-bound, and to New York from Veracruz via Habana, north-bound. Minimum rate New York to Progreso or New York to Veracruz, $95; round trip, $165, 6-month limit. New York to Mexico City, one way, $100; round trip, $170, 6-month limit. This line also conducts cruises from New York to include Mexico City. (Offices: Foot of Wall Street, New York, N. Y.)

Standard Fruit and Steamship Co.-Operates weekly service to Veracruz from New Orleans. Alternate weeks, there is a direct sailing to Veracruz on the S. S. Morazan, and in intervening weeks the service is via Tampico on the S. S. Tegucigalpa, a freighter accommodating a few passengers; one-way first-class fare, $50; round trip, $90. New Orleans to Mexico City, $60.30; round trip $103.70. This company also conducts cruises to include Mexico City and return via Veracruz.

Yucatan Line.-Service to and from New Orleans and Progreso on the S. S. Bertha Brovig (6,500 tons displacement), accommodating 12 passengers; sailing every 10 days. Rate, one way, $35; round trip, $60. Voyage lasts 2 days. (Offices: New Orleans, 429 Balter Building; New York, 80 Broad Street.)

Weinberger Line.-Fortnightly sailings from New Orleans to Tuxpan, Gutierrez Zamora, Puerto Mexico, Ciudad del Carmen. Accommodations for six passengers. (Office: 20 Decatur Street, New Orleans.)

European Lines.-Regular service, with first-class passenger accommodations, between a number of Mexican ports and Europe is maintained in normal times by the Hamburg-American Line (Offices: 57 Broadway, New York); the French Line (Offices: 610 Fifth Avenue, New York); the Wilhelmsen Line-Norwegian-which has a one-way service from Veracruz to New Orleans, to Galveston, to Savannah, thence to north European ports (Offices: Oslo, Norway); Plant Agencies S. S. Co. (Whitney Central Building, New Orleans, La.); Freight Boat Travel Service (Los Angeles, Calif.).

Gulf of Mexico Coastwise Service.-Limited passenger accommodations under the Mexican flag are available between Mexican ports on the Gulf of Mexico. Transportes Maritimos y Vias Fluviales operates three vessels-the Emancipacion, Progreso, and Veracruz, between Veracruz, Progreso, and Campeche. Other sailings, it is reported, may be obtained through the Control de Fletes y Pasajes, Veracruz.

To West Coast Ports of Mexico.-Panama Pacific Line.-Ships of this line call at Acapulco, west-bound from New York and Baltimore to Los Angeles and San Francisco via the Panama Canal. Calls at Acapulco are made approximately once a week. (Offices: 1 Broadway, New York; Baltimore Trust Building, Baltimore; 62 Market Street, San Francisco; 715 West Seventh Street, Los Angeles.)

Grace Line.--North-bound and south-bound service about every 3 weeks at Manzanillo (Mazatlan and Acapulco when cargo warrants). Other calls include Puget Sound ports, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Central American ports, and South American ports as far south as Antofagasta, Chile. These passengerfreight vessels carry from 8 to 12 passengers. (Offices: 10 Hanover Square, New York; 2 Pine Street, San Francisco; Coppel & Bros., Mazatlan.)

Nippon Yusen Kaisha.-Out-bound from Hong Kong via Kobi, Yokohama, Honolulu, and California ports, thence south to Valparaiso, Chile, via Balboa, Callao, Mollendo, Arica, and Iquique. Return service every 2 or 3 months from Manzanillo, via California, Hawaiian, and Japanese ports, to Hong Kong. (Offices: 25 Broadway, New York; 333 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago; 551 Market Street, San Francisco; 1404 Fourth Avenue, Seattle.)

Mexican Flag Pacific Coastwise Service.-Vessels of the Empresa Maritima de Mazatlan operate a Mexican Pacific coastwise service. Information as to future sailings is obtainable at the company offices in Mazatlan, Sinaloa, or at travel offices in Mexico. Two Mexican vessels carrying passengers in the coastwise service of the Pacific coast of Mexico are subsidized by the Mexican Government. They are the Ensenada (418 net tons, speed 11 knots), calling at Ensenada, Magdalena, San Lucas, San Jose del Cabo, Mazatlan, Puerto Vallarta and Manzanillo; and the Salvatierra making calls at La Paz, Loreto, Mazatlan, San Blas, Platanitos, Chicaya, Penita, Boca Tomates, Isla de Carmen, Puerto Vallarta, and Manzanillo. Recognized tourist agencies in Mexico should be approached for latest information as to sailing of vessels in the Mexican Pacific coastwise service.

AIR SERVICE.-Mexico is served by a fairly well-developed network of international and national lines.

Miami-Mexico City. The Pan American Airways system and its Mexican affiliate, the Compania Mexicana de Aviacion, S. A., operate services which reach Mexico City and intermediate points from Miami, Fla.; Brownsville, Tex.; and Los Angeles, Calif. The Compania Lineas Aereas Mineras, S. A., joins Ciudad Juarez (opposite El Paso, Tex.), and intervening centers with Mexico City. The Pan American route continues from Mexico City to Guatemala via Tapachula, Mexico, to join its Central American, Caribbean, and South American services. A number of Mexican