TURKEY Citrus fruits are grown in Turkey on both the Aegean and the Black Sea coasts. The orange crop ranges from 1,260,000 to 1,575,000 boxes a year. Lemons and mandarins are grown on a small scale. Along the Mediterranean littoral, where orange growing has been most successful, the Turkish Government has introduced orange trees of the Cyprus and Jaffa types. Turkish oranges are generally smaller and less sweet than those grown in the United States, but the quality of the Turkish orange has been decidedly improved in the past 2 or 3 years. Domestic oranges are on the market from late November to late in February. With Government assistance to production, exports of oranges have grown rapidly in the past 3 years. Imports of Citrus Fruits Into the United Kingdom, 1935–38 SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA The soil and climate of Argentina, particularly of various northern sections, are well adapted to citrus-fruit culture, and the planting of groves has increased in recent years, with good prospects for further expansion. In various ways the Argentine Government has encouraged the production of citrus fruit, with the result that the surplus for export-although still small has increased, and imports of lemons and grapefruit have declined. Official figures show that in 1935 there were 6,729,970 citrus trees in the country, 6,355,480 of which were in production. These trees were distributed as follows: According to the Ministry of Agriculture, citrus-fruit production in 1936 was (in boxes of 70 pounds each): Lemons, 156,200; limes, 882; oranges and mandarins, 7,606,840; grapefruit, 77,800. The fruit is harvested from April to December-the early fruit in April and May, intermediate varieties from June to October, and the late varieties in November and December. The early and late fruit are the most important. Many qualities of each type of citrus fruit are grown, but varieties of best commercial value have been pointed out, so that growers may profit by better selection. Varieties grown include the Marsh Seedless, Duncan, and McCarty grapefruit; and Parson Brown, Jaffa, Valencia, and navel oranges. Domestic oranges are on the market throughout the year. Grapefruit made its first appearance in Argentina as an imported product about 1929. Production has now reached the stage where highquality domestic grapefruit supplies the market and is the principal citrus fruit exported. Imports are negligible; grapefruit is imported only when the domestic crop is not on the market. In 1935 the Argentine Department of Agriculture called a meeting of fruit growers and established a committee for the control of fruit production. This organization, after careful study, indicated certain zones as most suitable for citrus-fruit culture and recommended definite varieties of each type of citrus fruit for each region. The distance of producing areas from the seaboard is one of the difficulties confronting the export of the fruit; nevertheless this factor has been overcome to some extent and exports are increasing. Export regulations, including types of containers, sanitary conditions, maturity of fruit, and grades for export, were begun in 1934. Citrus fruits are exported from May to August and are imported throughout the year. 1 In the export trade, boxes of grapefruit weigh about 80 pounds; oranges, 84 pounds; mandarins, 35 pounds; and lemons, 86 pounds. In the import trade, boxes are 70 pounds each for all the citrus fruits just named. BRAZIL Citrus fruits are grown throughout Brazil, but not on a commercial scale in all States. The orange is the principal citrus fruit grown commercially. Production includes mandarins, grapefruit, and lemons, but grapefruit cultivation is of comparatively recent development. According to an estimate in 1938, there are 22,620,000 citrus trees in Brazil, distributed as follows: Sao Paulo__. Rio de Janeiro_ Minas Geraes_. Rio Grande do Sul. 8, 985, 000 Bahia_ 6, 500, 000 Esprito Santo_ 1, 465, 000 Others.. 1, 000, 000 400, 000 400, 000 370, 000 |