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St. Lucia.

The principal citrus fruit produced on St. Lucia is the lime, although oranges and grapefruit are also produced and exported. There has been a decline in lime production, the producing area having dropped to 1,500 acres in 1937, with 183,000 trees, from 2,600 acres in 1932. About 400 acres are planted in grapefruit and oranges, and the number of trees is reported to be increasing rapidly. Most of the limes exported are shipped to the United States.

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Citrus fruits are grown on about 30 to 35 acres on St. Vincent, consisting mainly of isolated trees grown in gardens. Little attention has been given to this crop. The following table gives the production of limes and export of raw limes and oranges. Exports go to Canada and to other British West Indies.

Production and Export Trade of St. Vincent in Citrus Fruits, 1932 38

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Limes are the only citrus fruit grown on Montserrat; about 1,000 acres are planted to this fruit. Exports, mainly to British countries, have been as follows:

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Bahamas.

Efforts have been made to reestablish the citrus in instry in the Bahama In 1980 about 5.000 trees were obtained from Fonda and br 1982 the area under elim culture was 114 acres: the acreage was increased to 480 in 1987.

Trinidad.

The direint industry in Trinidad has been expanding rapidly. In December 1986 there were in Trinidad 177.549 grapefruit trees on 2838 20, 52.6835 orange trees on 679 acres, and 572.225 lime trees or 3,346 acres, Both the acreage and number of trees had increased 25 percent from 1983 to 1938. No data are available on the produeKod of etrus fruits, but it is estimated that about 65 percent of the crop is exported. The methods of marketing are like those used in Florida. The Marsh Seedless grapefruit, West Indian limes, and the native wild oranges, as well as recently grown Valencias, are produced. By law, citrus fruits are exported through one cooperative association. Shipments in bulk go principally to nearby islands.

Exports of Citrus Fruits From Trinidad, 1935-39

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An increase in exports is expected from Trinidad, as a large number of citrus trees will come into bearing in the next 2 or 3 years. The Government has loaned a large sum for the erection of an up-to-date packing house and canning plant for processing citrus fruits.

Great quantities of grapefruit unsuitable for export are canned, and an increasing portion of the crop is exported in this manner.

CUBA

Grapefruit, oranges, and limes are grown in Cuba. Limes and oranges are exported to some extent, but grapefruit is the principal citrus fruit shipped from the island. It is estimated that about 80 percent of the grapefruit produced is grown on the Isle of Pines and 20 percent on the main island, but more oranges are grown on the main island than on the Isle of Pines. The area in grapefruit in 1934 was estimated at approximately 1,500 acres, and Isle of Pines plantings comprised 1,200 acres of this total. At the present time the area in well-kept groves on the Isle of Pines is estimated at 800 acres. Production has declined after having reached a peak in 1936, and there has been a corresponding falling-off in exports. The crop on the Isle of Pines, which in 1938 was estimated at about 135,000 boxes, is produced almost entirely under irrigation. The varieties of grapefruit are similar to those grown in Florida.

Exports of grapefruit extend throughout the year, but reach a peak from August to October, inclusive. Shipments to the United States are made from July through September. Exports established a

high record in 1936, when shipments from the Isle of Pines totaled 198,988 crates, 122,561 of which went to the United States. The fruit is shipped from the Isle of Pines to Habana for reshipment abroad.

Exports of Grapefruit From the Isle of Pines, 1935-39

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Oranges, limes, and grapefruit are grown in Haiti in sufficient quantity to meet domestic needs, and oranges and limes have been exported for a number of years. Grapefruit are also exported in small quantity and were listed separately in export reports for the first time in 1936-37.

The growing of citrus fruits in Haiti is not developed on a large scale, and exports are therefore small. The Haitian Government produces and distributes each month, for new planting and for replacements, a number of orange, grapefruit, and lime trees, so that the production of these fruits should constantly increase. A recent survey of the production of oranges and grapefruit in northern Haiti showed that approximately a million standard boxes are produced annually; however, only a small proportion of the oranges delivered for shipment was suitable for export. Efforts are being made to expand the markets in Europe for Haitian citrus fruits, and in 1937 and 1938 a considerable part of the exports went to European countries. Oranges for export to Europe are packed in boxes of 40 kilograms (88 pounds) each, containing from 90 to 150 oranges. They are graded for size and appearance, then are washed and wrapped in tissue paper. Limes are sold in crates of 21⁄2 cubic feet, weighing

about 100 pounds to the crate and containing from 1.000 to 1,100 limes each. Limes grow wild and the industry is undeveloped; hence, exports are small.

Exports of Citrus Fruits From Haiti, 1935–39 1

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years.

PUERTO RICO

Citrus fruits have been grown in Puerto Rico for a number of Many trees grow wild. The first grapefruit orchards were blanted in 1898. The fruit ripens throughout the year. the peak production periods being September to October, December to January. and April to June. Orange production is heaviest during the winter and spring months. Limes are also produced in Puerto Rico and are shipped to the United States.

Production of Citrus Fruits in Puerto Rico. 1910-35

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Exports of grapefruit greatly exceed orange exports. There has been a general downward trend in shipments of oranges and grapefruit both to the United States and to foreign countries. Grapefruit shipments to the United States are profitable in the period from April to September, when competition with United States fruit is low.

Shipments of Oranges and Grapefruit From Puerto Rico, 1930-38

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Many coastal areas in Africa are suitable for the production of citrus fruits, and oranges and lemons of especially good quality are grown. Citrus fruits are grown in Tanganyka, Nyasaland, Kenya, and Uganda, on the East Coast, but not on a commercial scale. In Kenya in 1932 there were 39,654 citrus trees. On the West Coast, in Nigeria, the citrus industry, including oranges and grapefruit, is still in an experimental stage, but 2,000 cases were exported in 1936. Oranges and limes are plentiful in Liberia, but are not cultivated. A grapefruit industry has been developed recently in French Guinea and trial shipments were made to the French market in 1938 and 1939. The oranges, which were carefully packed, met with much favor. In February alone 670 boxes were shipped. There is also a large export of orange oil. Studies were made in 1938 to determine the possibilities of producing citrus fruit in French West Africa on a commercial scale. Oranges grown in this region are used mainly for the manufacture of orange oil. In Angola, oranges, limes, and lemons are plentiful, but are of inferior quality. No exports have been made.

ALGERIA

The production of citrus fruits in Algeria has remained fairly constant for some years. In 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1938, extensive plantings were made. When these plantings come into bearing (in about 5 years) the total yield is expected to be considerably enlarged. Production in Algeria is directed mainly toward exports to France, which has taken all but a negligible portion of the fruits shipped from the country. Production, sale, and transportation of citrus fruits were organized and regulated by a decree issued in June 1938 with a view to coordination with the demands of the French market. fruit is officially inspected before shipment. The fruit is usually sold on the tree to dealers and exporters, and recently it is being handled more largely by cooperative organizations.

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