FOREWORD Treaties in Force is published annually by the Department of State for the purpose of providing information on treaties and other international agreements to which the United States has become a party and which are carried on the records of the Department of State as being in force as of January 1 of each year. The title Treaties in Force uses the term treaty in the generic sense as defined in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, that is, an international agreement "governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation." The term "treaty" in its restricted usage in the United States denotes international agreements made by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate in accordance with Article II, section 2 of the Constitution of the United States. In addition to such "treaties," this publication covers international agreements in force for the United States which have been concluded by the Executive (a) pursuant to or in accordance with existing legislation or a prior treaty, (b) subject to congressional approval or implementation, and/or (c) under and in accordance with the President's Constitutional powers. Arrangement This publication is arranged in two parts, with an appendix. Part 1 includes bilateral treaties and other international agreements listed by country or other international entity with subject headings under each entry. Arrangements with territorial possessions of a country appear at the end of the entry for that country. In some cases, treaties and international agreements applicable to a territory prior to its independence are included in the entry for that country on the basis of its assumption of treaty obligations upon becoming independent, as noted at the beginning of the entry for that country. Part 2 lists multilateral treaties and other international agreements to which the United States is a party, arranged by subject with a listing of the parties to that agreement. Information is based on the most recent data available from the government or organization that serves as the depositary for that agreement. Where countries are listed on the basis of their assumption of obligations under treaties and agreements applied to them prior to independence, a reference is included to the note at the beginning of the entry for that country in Part 1 of this publication. While every effort is made to insure that the multilateral listings in Treaties in Force are accurate and up to date, the depositary has the ultimate responsibility for furnishing a current list of parties and information on other matters concerning the status of the agreement. The appendix contains a consolidated tabulation of documents affecting international copyright relations of the United States. In addition to treaties and agreements listed in Parts 1 and 2 of this publication, the appendix includes proclamations by the United States with respect to copyright relations. Status of Treaties and Other Agreements Treaties in Force includes those treaties and other international agreements entered into by the United States which on January 1 of the specified year had not expired by their own terms, been denounced by the parties or replaced or superseded by other agreements, or otherwise definitely terminated. Certain agreements, particularly those concerned with World War II and the immediate postwar period, which contain continuing provisions or which have not been clearly terminated in their entirety are included even though operations under the agreements may have ceased. The absence of a listing for a particular agreement should not be regarded as a determination that it is not in force. Listings are based largely upon treaties and agreements published in the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS). Entries for these treaties and agreements show a TIAS designator. Other agreements that the Department of State will not publish in TIAS, pursuant to Section 138 of Public Law, 1 U.S.C. 112a, and 22 C.F.R. 181.8, are also listed in Treaties in Force. Each of these agreements is designated Not Printed (NP). Certain arrangements are not listed in Treaties in Force; these include, for example, project grants and loans made by the Agency for International Development and agreements that are considered as "implementing" other treaties and agreements. Supplementary Information Information on the current status of treaties and other international agreements is published regularly in the Department of State Dispatch, a monthly publication for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Inquiries concerning agreements a user believes may not have been included in Treaties in Force or requests for agreements that are not being printed in TIAS may be made to the Office of Treaty Affairs, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520. References NP Stat. UST TS EAS TIAS Miller Bevans Foreign Relations Not Printed in Treaties and Other International Acts Series. United States Statutes at Large. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (volumes published on a calendar-year basis beginning as of January 1, 1950). Treaty Series, issued singly in pamphlets by the Department of State (until replaced in 1945 by the TIAS). Executive Agreement Series, issued singly in pamphlets by the Department of State (until replaced in 1945 by the TIAS). Treaties and Other International Acts Series, issued singly in pamphlets by the Department of Treaties and other International Acts of the United States of America, edited by Hunter Miller. Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776-1949, compiled under the direction of Charles I. Bevans. Foreign Relations of the United States. |