The Seats of the Mighty.

Being the Memoirs of Captain ROBERT MORAY, sometime an Officer in the Virginia Regiment, and afterwards of Amherst's Regiment. By GILBERT PARKER, author of "Pierre and his People," "The Trail of the Sword," "The Trespasser," etc. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.

For the time of his story Mr. Parker has chosen the most absorbing period of the romantic eighteenth-century history of Quebec. The curtain rises soon after General Braddock's defeat in Virginia, and the hero, a prisoner in Quebec, curiously entangled in the intrigues of La Pompadour, becomes a part of a strange history, full of adventure and the stress of peril, which culminates only after Wolfe's victory over Montcalm. The material offered by the life and history of old Quebec has never been utilized for the purposes of fiction with the command of plot and incident, the mastery of local color, and the splendid realization of dramatic situations shown in this distinguished and moving romance. The illustrations preserve the atmosphere of the text, for they present the famous buildings, gates, and battle-grounds as they appeared at the time of the hero's imprisonment in Quebec.

A Treatise on Surveying. Comprising the Theory and Practice. By WILLIAM M. GILLESPIE, LL.D., formerly Professor of Civil Engineering in Union College. New edition, revised and enlarged by CADY STALEY, Ph.D., President of Case School of Applied Science. In two volumes. Vol. I., Plane Surveying; Vol. II., Higher Surveying. Vol. I. now ready. 8vo, cloth, $2.50 per vol.

An entirely new edition of Gillespie's Surveying, which has for so many years been the standard text-book on surveying, has just been completed, with new plates and new matter added to bring it in all respects up to present requirements. The whole work has been revised and improved, and the Higher Surveying considerably extended, especially in the line of Geodesy and allied subjects. As this increases the amount of matter in the book, and as the advanced work is not needed in the preparatory schools and in colleges where only a limited amount of surveying is taught, it has been deemed best to publish the work in two separate parts.

Field-Book for Railway
Engineers.

Containing Formulæ for laying out Curves, Determining FrogAngles, Leveling, Calculating Earthwork, etc., together with Tables of Radii, Ordinates, Deflections, Logarithms, etc. By JOHN B. HENCK, A.M., C.E. Entirely rewritten and revised. 12mo, tuck, $2.50.

This standard work has been entirely rewritten, and embodies the ideas and the best teachings of practical experience. There is no work which approaches this in completeness, authoritativeness, and practical usefulness.

Chronicles of Martin Hewitt.

By ARTHUR MORRISON, author of "Tales of Mean Streets," etc. No. 191, Town and Country Library. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00.

Martin Hewitt, the investigator, has proved himself a worthy rival to Sherlock Holmes. In this volume the strange adventures which befell him, his subtle inferences, and his adroit solutions of the problems offered by puzzling crimes are set forth with a vividness and dramatic interest which will give this book high rank among the best literature of the detection of crime.

The School System of Ontario.

By the Hon. GEORGE W. Ross, LL.D., Minister of Education for the Province of Ontario. Vol. XXXVIII., International Education Series. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.

This book shows the evolution of the school system of Ontario from its inception down to the present time. Its main purpose, however, is to supply information with regard to the organization and management of the different departments of the system, and the means which have been provided for promoting its efficiency through uniform examinations, the training of teachers in both public and high schools, and its thorough supervision by means of the Education Department.

The Warfare of Science with

Theology.

A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. By ANDREW D. WHITE, LL.D., late President and Professor of History at Cornell University. In two volumes. 8vo, cloth, $5.00.

In this important, suggestive, and instructive work, which embodies the study and researches of twenty years, the author "simply tries to let the light of historical truth into that decaying mass of outworn thought which attaches the modern world to medieval conceptions of Christianity, and which still lingers among us-a most serious barrier to religion and morals, and a menace to the whole normal evolution of society. My belief is that in the field left to them—their proper field - the clergy will more and more, as they cease to strugge against scientific methods and conclusions, do work even nobler and more beautiful than anything they have heretofore done. And this is saying much. My conviction is that Science, though it has evidently conquered Dogmatic Theology, based on Biblical texts and ancient modes of thought, will go hand in hand with Religion; and that although theological control will continue to diminish, Religion, as seen in the recognition of ‘a Power in the universe, not ourselves, which makes for righteousness,' and in the love of God and of our neighbor, will steadily grow stronger and stronger, not only in the American institutions of learning, but in the world at large."— From the Introduction.

The Reds of the Midi.

An Episode of the French Revolution. By FÉLIX GRAS. Translated from the Provençal by Mrs. CATHARINE A. JANVIER. With an Introduction by THOMAS A. JANVIER. With Frontispiece. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.

"In all French history there is no more inspiring episode than that with which M. Gras deals in this story: the march to Paris and the doings in Paris of that Marseilles Battalion, made of men who were sworn to cast down' the tyrant,' and knew 'how to die.' His epitome of the motive power of the Revolution in the feelings of one of its individual peasant parts is the very essence of simplicity and directness. His method has the largeness and the clearness of the Greek drama. The motives are distinct. The action is free and bold. The climax is inevitable, and the story has a place entirely apart from all the fiction of the French Revolution with which I am acquainted."—From Mr. Janvier's Introduction.

The Dancer in Yellow.

By W. E. NORRIS, author of "A Victim of Good Luck," "Mademoiselle de Mersac," etc. No. 190, Town and Country Library. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. Mr. Norris is always entertaining, agreeable, and delightful, and he is seen at his best in this excellent novel.

Hypnotism, Mesmerism, and the

New Witchcraft.

By ERNEST HART, formerly Surgeon to the West London Hospital, and Ophthalmic Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital, London. With 20 Illustrations. New edition, enlarged and revised. With new chapters on "The Eternal Gullible" and "The Hypnotism of Trilby." 12mo, cloth, $1.50. "Mr. Hart holds it as proved beyond all reasonable doubt that the hypnotic condition is an admitted clinical fact, and declares that the practice of hypnotism, except by skilled physicians, should be forbidden. He affirms its therapeutic uselessness, and condemns the practice because of the possibilities of social mischiefs. His personal experiences in the 'New Witchcraft' enable him to exercise a critical check on the wild theories and unsupported assertions of others."— Philadelphia Ledger

A Flash of Summer.

By Mrs. W. K. CLIFFORD, author of "Love Letters of a Worldly Woman,' ," "Aunt Anne," etc. No. 189, Town and Country Library. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. Mrs. Clifford's rank as one of the most brilliant writers of modern literary London is known to all readers. This novel is regarded as a work of especial strength.

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W. H. Carruth. TRIBAL SOCIETY AS ILLUSTRATED IN WALES. James Westfall Thompson.

RECENT SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES. C. R. Henderson .

Craft's Practical Christian Sociology.- The Poor in
Great Cities.- Gladden's Ruling Ideas of the Present
Age.- Ashley's Railways and their Employees.-
Salter's Anarchy or Government?-Stimson's Labor
in its Relation to Law. -Wheeler's Our Industrial
Utopia.-"Stepniak's" King Stork or King Log.-
Patten's The Theory of Social Forces.-Proceedings
of the National Congress of Charities and Corrections.

RELIGIOUS LITERATURE, THEORETICAL AND

PRACTICAL. John Bascom

Murphy's The Messages of the Seven Churches of Asia.-Gilmore's The Johannean Problem.-Stalker's The Two St. John's of the New Testament.Meakin's Nature and Deity. - Gordon's The Christ of To-Day.- Alden's A Study of Death.- Hovey's Christian Teaching and Life.-Needham's The Spiritual Life.- Bradford's Heredity and Christian Problems.- Church's Pascal and Other Sermons.

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THE TIE THAT BINDS.

The beautiful story of the Athenian captives at Syracuse, set free and restored with all bonors to their fatherland because they could recite verses from the poet best beloved of their captors, has been made familiar to us all by two among the noblest works of Robert Browning. Any such happy man had prompt reward,' our poet tells us,

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"If he lay bleeding on the battle-field

They stanched his wounds, and gave him drink and food; If he were slave i' the house, for reverence

They rose up, bowed to who proved master now,

And bade him go free, thank Euripides!

Ay, and such did so: many such, he said,
Returning home to Athens, sought him out,
The old bard in the solitary house,

And thanked him ere they went to sacrifice." This story has much more than the virtue of an anecdote; it has rather the significance of an eternal truth, of the everlasting power of literature to reconcile differences, to soften the asperities of intercourse between nations, to strengthen the bonds of sympathy between human beings, and to offer promise of that" Parliament of man, the Federation of the world," which the poet still insists upon foreseeing, however idle his dream be held by the reluctant and short-sighted multitude.

While the vision of the seer halts at nothing short of this ideal of the brotherhood of man finally accomplished, he whose faith is less firm and whose gaze cannot descry things hidden so deep in the mists of the future may still find in the possession of a common speech some earnest of a harmonious union for all to whom that speech is native. Particularly true is this of us born to the use of the English language, "Who speak the tongue

That Shakespeare spake, the faith and morals hold
Which Milton held.”

A common language is the tie that binds men together almost in spite of themselves. This is true even if the language be one that has never risen to supreme excellence of expression upon the lips of the literary artist. A striking illustration of this fact is offered by Miss Olive Schreiner, in her account of the uncouth Taal of the Boer. The Boer himself is of mixed Dutch and Huguenot strain, and his speech is an almost inconceivably degraded dialect of the Dutch tongue. It is absolutely without a liter

ature, and is probably incapable of originating one. Yet it has fused into a compact nationality the heterogeneous elements that went to the making of the Boer, and its unifying influence compels our admiration and our respect. If this be the power of a rough and povertystricken dialect, what limits may be set to the potency of so rich and refined an instrument of intercourse as the English language? It is not from mere pride of race that the philosophical observer rejoices in the amazing spread of the English language over the face of the earth. It is rather that he feels the immense significance to the future of mankind that must attach to an ever-widening use of the tongue in whose literature are embodied the noblest civic and ethical ideals of the modern world.

Ten generations have now followed one another since the man who in English speech gave supreme expression to these ideals was with us in the flesh. It is three centuries since the gentlest, and wisest, and deepest of modern souls was building the monument of song that none knew better than himself" would outlive the perishing body of men and things till the Resurrection of the Dead." And who will dare say that the work of Shakespeare is more than barely begun? Year after year we commemorate the anniversary of his birth, and each year we look back with reverence to the past because of the promise that it gives us for the future. The words spoken at the recent Stratford celebration by the man who so worthily represents among the English people the best elements of American culture, and the message of good will sent to the Birmingham gathering by the Chief Magistrate of our Republic, were both expressions of the feeling that a common claim to Shakespeare constitutes between England and the United States a bond of union too strong to be broken by differences that might cause other nations to fly at one another's throats, too sacred to be made the sport of political passion or weakened by petty international jealousies.

The Philistine, we suppose, smiled at Mr. Cleveland's message, deeming it a bit of ineffectual but harmless sentimentality, yet the message embodied a deeper truth than ever entered into the self-satisfied Philistine consciousness. Doubtless, also, he smiled at Mr. Bayard's assertion that America claimed Shakespeare no less than England, yet that too is the deepest kind of a truth. There is much reason to believe that the teaching of American history in our public schools leaves dominant in the child's mind an impression that England

is our hereditary enemy. How much better it would be, and how much more essentially just, to emphasize the fact that, although temporary differences have now and then arisen between the two nations, yet these are as nothing in comparison with the glory of their common inheritance; that English history, from Alfred to Cromwell, belongs to us as rightfully as to our kinsmen over-sea, and should be to us a source of no less pride than that we justly take in the continuation of the history through Washington down to Lincoln. That this is the view ultimately to obtain among the Englishspeaking peoples seems to us certain. The very stars in their courses are working to bring it about, and the quiet, irresistible influence of a common intellectual tradition will some day accomplish a closer and more vital union between the scattered sections of the English family than was ever cemented by bond of dynasty or political organization in the history of the world. There is a larger patriotism than that of the state, a wider fellowship than that of the geographical area; it is in community of achievement and aspiration that men are in truth brothers, and it is in literature that they find their real relationship.

The mutterings of war between the two great English-speaking peoples recently called forth by a reckless play in the politico-diplomatic game have not been wholly evil in their effect. If they have been accompanied by a melancholy display of truculence on the part of time serving politicians and journalists, they have also served to make clear the almost absolute unanimity of the better elements of English-speaking society in rejecting the thought of such a war as a horror unspeakable and unthinkable. That it would be essentially civil war has been the general verdict of sober-minded observers, for the essential characteristic of civil war is that the opposing forces should be sharers of the same sympathies and ideals, whether sharing or not the same governmental machinery. If all civilized nations knew each other as well as the sections of the English race know each other, all war would be civil war, and burdened with the awful responsibilities of such strife. The jingoes and the fomenters of international ill-feeling are poor prophets. We prefer to pin our faith to the prophecy of the distinguished Englishman who spoke last year to the members of the Harvard Law School. Upon that occasion, Sir Frederick Pollock, discussing "The Vocation of the Common Law," brought his remarks to a close with a peroration so sig

nificant and so eloquent that we cannot resist the temptation to borrow it for the adornment of our own discussion of so nearly - allied a theme. "Dreams are not versed in issuable matter, and have no dates. Only I feel that this one looks forward, and will be seen as wak

ing light some day. If anyone, being of little faith or over-curious, must needs ask in what day, I can answer only in the same fashion. We may know the signs, though we know not when they will come. These things will be

when we look back on our dissensions in the past as brethren grown up to man's estate and dwelling in unity look back upon the bickerings of the nursery and the jealousies of the class-room; when there is no use for the word 'foreigner' between Cape Wrath and the Rio Grande, and the federated navies of the English-speaking nations keep the peace of the ocean under the Northern Lights and under the Southern Cross, from Vancouver to Sydney, and from the Channel to the Gulf of Mexico; when an indestructible union of even wider grasp and higher potency than the federal bond of these States has knit our descendants into an invincible and indestructible concord."

In an article published in "The Atlantic Monthly" for March, 1895, entitled "Some Confessions of a Novel-Writer," Mr. Trowbridge tells of the great trouble he had in giving a satisfactory name to his favorite and popular novel, "Neighbor Jackwood." He says: 66 A score of titles were considered, only to be rejected. At last I settled down upon 'Jackwood,' but felt the need of joining to that name some characteristic phrase or epithet. Thus I was led to think of this Scriptural motto for the title-page, 'And a certain woman went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves,' which suggested the question, Who was the neighbor unto this woman?' and the answer, Neighbor Jackwood,'and I had my title."

D'Israeli said that were it inquired of an ingenious writer what page of his book had caused him

most perplexity, he would often point to the titlepage. He probably spoke from his own experience, as the changes he made in his own titles evinced His most the value he placed on attractive ones. successful book figures in the first edition as "Anecdotes, Sketches, and Observations, Literary, Critical, and Historical"; he later invested it with the

happy title of "Curiosities of Literature." Those were the times when wordy titles were fashionable, and he made like changes in his other books. He referred to an English novel published as "The Champion of Virtue" which could find no readers, but afterwards passed through several editions under the happier invitation of "The Old English Baron."

In poetry also a felicitous title is of service. Lowell writes of a new volume of poems in the hands of the printer, "I had decided to put the 'June Idyl', in the forefront and call it a 'June Idyl and Other Poems,' but Fields told me that Whittier's new volume was to be called A Summer Idyl." Then he thought of "Appledore"; later concluded to finish his "Voyage to Vinland" (begun eighteen years previous), and make the title "A Voyage to Vinland and Other Poems." Mr. Fields would not listen to this, and proposed he rechristen the Idyl, "Elmwood," and name the book after that. This to Lowell seemed too personal, like "throwing my sanctuary open to the public and making a showhouse of my hermitage." Finally he hit upon "Under the Willows," in place of a "June Idyl," and this settled the question. "Pictures from Appledore" was first printed in "The Crayon," as "My Appledore Gallery." In March, 1870, Lowell writes to Leslie Stephen: "I am glad you like 'The Cathedral.'... The name was none of my choosing. I called it 'A Day at Chartres' and Fields re-christened it." Again (December, 1886), Lowell offers a short poem to Aldrich for the "Atlantic," saying, "What shall I call it? Will A Grumble' do?" It was finally named "Fact or Fancy."

That Hawthorne's "Marble Faun" appeared in England under the title of "A Transformation" is well known. This was chosen to please his publisher, and Hawthorne said of it, "It gives one the idea of Harlequin in a pantomime." But the title by which we know it does not fully characterize the story, as the Marble Faun is only casually referred to; the real subject being the mysterious Donatello the living faun, and notwithstanding the deserved success of the book, the title is not so well chosen as others of Hawthorne.

Walter Scott in his introduction to "Rob Roy" said that when he planned the novel he was at loss for a title "a good name being very nearly of as much consequence in literature as in life," and he adds that the title "Rob Roy" was suggested by Mr. Constable, "whose sagacity and experience foresaw the germ of popularity which it contained." Lockhart writes of the great difficulty Constable bad in inducing Scott to adopt his suggestion that the name of the real hero would be the best possi

ble name for the book. "Nay," said Scott, "never let me have to write up to a name. You well know I have generally adopted a title that told nothing." To the same judicious adviser is due the title of "Kenilworth," which Scott wished to call, like Mickle's ballad, "Cumnor Hall," but yielded to Constable's wishes and substituted "Kenilworth," notwithstanding Ballantyne's hint that the result would be "something worthy of a kennel." Lockhart says that Constable had every reason to be satisfied with this child of his christening. The novel "Redgauntlet" had made considerable progress at press before Constable and Ballantyne could persuade Scott to substitute that title for "Herries," his first choice. After the publication of "The Monastery," Constable wished Scott to call the succeeding novel "The Nunnery," instead of "The Abbot," but in this instance Scott wisely stood by his first choice. Constable certainly had a genius for choosing titles. Scott was equally fastidious in naming his poems. He refers repeatedly in his letters to a poem he is writing to be entitled "The Nameless Glen," and later mentions it as "The Lord of the Isles," a title which had suggested itself to him as more striking. Often his first choice was used as a sub-title, as "The Fair Maid of Perth, or St. Valentine's Eve," "Anne of Geierstein, or the Maid of the Mist," as he could not decide to abandon them wholly.

Southey's "Roderick the Last of the Goths," was first called "Don Pelayo."

Charles Dickens often changed a title after choosing it. "Barnaby Rudge," that earnest plea for tolerance and the abolition of capital punishment, was announced for many months under the name of "Gabriel Vardon." During the twenty months of the serial publication of "Dombey and Son," its title was "Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son, Wholesale, Retail, and for Exportation"; but on its completion in 1848, its present admirable title was adopted. Dickens's favorite child, "David Copperfield," was originally brought out under this title: "The Personal History, Adventures, Experiences, and Observations of David Copperfield the Younger, of Blunderstone Rookery (which he never meant to be published on any account)." Dickens followed the example of his avowed master Smollett and at first gave a novel the title of its hero or heroine, even going so far as to adopt the alliteration of Peregrine Pickle" and "Roderick Random" as a model for "Nicholas Nickleby "; but he broke away from this habit, and his titles are generally original and striking. "Bleak House " was first called "Tom-All-Alone's," and certainly in this case second thoughts were best.

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George Eliot considered the subject one of real importance and in her Journal and Letters devotes much space to it. "The Mill on the Floss" was first called by her, "Sister Maggie." Under date of Jan. 3, 1860, she writes to Mr. John Blackwood: "We are demurring about the title. Mr. Lewes prefers The House of Tulliver, or Life on the Floss to our old notion of 'Sister Maggie'; 'The Tulli

vers, or Life on the Floss' has the advantage of slipping easily off the lazy English tongue, but it is after too common a fashion ('The Newcomes,' 'The Bertrams,' etc.); then there is The Tulliver Family, or Life on the Floss.' Pray meditate and give us your opinion." After some further correspondence, she urges Mr. Blackwood to give the casting vote, and in reply to his suggestion, writes: "The Mill on the Floss' be it then."

Anthony Trollope says he first intended to call his novel "Can you Forgive Her" by the title of "The Noble Jilt"; but he was afraid the critics might throw a doubt on the nobility, and that there was more of tentative humility in that which he at last adopted.

Few writers, however, made more changes in their efforts to satisfactorily christen their novels than Charles Reade. While it was in press he changed "It is Never too Late to Mend," from "Susan Merton," its original title. He gives his reasons in detail to his publishers, and says, "Susan Merton' is a very bad title because under that title the book is a failure, Susan Merton being a third-rate character in point of invention and color. On this change I am peremptory and sensitive too. As it is cruel to make you lose the effect of past advertisements, I suppose you must add or Susan Merton,' if you are bent on it; but if so, 'It is Never too Late to Mend' must be the first title. But even this is against my judgment." Reade showed his pleasure when the title proved a hit. "The Cloister and the Hearth" was printed in part under the title of "A Good Fight." When he dramatized one of his novels he changed the title. "Peg Woffington" was dramatized as "Masks and Faces," and "A Terrible Temptation" became, as a play, "The Double Marriage."

Carleton Coffin's "The Boys of '61," was originally "Four Years of Fighting."

Many other illustrations might be given to show that authors realise that the reading public is likely to be, "Charm'd with the foolish whistling of a name." MARY R. SILSBY.

LEON SAY, the distinguished economist, died on the twenty-first of April, at the age of sixty-nine. He was a grandson of Jean Baptiste Say, and worthily carried on the liberal economic tradition of the family. Shortly after the repeal of the Corn Laws, he visited England in the company of Bastiat, and made the acquaintance of Cobden. He was a republican in 1848, and received his baptism of fire upon the barricades of that memorable year. He opposed the Empire persistently from first to last. A director for forty years of the Chemin de Fer du Nord, a contributor to the "Débats," a member of the National Assembly in 1871, four times Minister of Finance, a member of the Senate and its President in 1880, an ambassador to England, and a member of the Academy, Say enjoyed about all the honors that the French nation can bestow upon a man, and lived a life remarkable for its activity and its usefulness. His many writings, mostly upon economic subjects, made him one of the first European authorities in his department.