Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640JHU Press, 2008年2月4日 - 360 頁 This fascinating history reassesses the consequences of Portugal's flourishing private trade with Asia, including increased tensions between the growing urban merchant class and the still-dominant landed aristocracy. James C. Boyajian shows how Portuguese-Asian commerce formed part of a global trading network that linked not only Europe and Asia but also—for the first time—Asia, West Africa, Brazil, and Spanish America. He also argues that, contrary to previous scholarly opinion, nearly half of the Portuguese-Asian trade was controlled by New Christians—descendants of Iberian Jews forcibly converted to Christianity in the 1490s. |
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António António Fernandes ANTT Asia Asian trade asientos bales Bengal bizalhos Brandão Brazil caixa Cape trade capital cargo carracks carreira da Índia Casa da Índia casados cessionary cloth Cochin Coromandel cottons customs d'Elvas decade diamonds Dias Diogo Fernandes Diogo Rodrigues Duarte Fernandes Duarte Gomes Solis Dutch enterprise Estado da Índia Europe European Falcão fazendas Fernão fleet fols Francisco Tinoco galleons galliots Gaspar genealogy Goa's Goan Gujarat Habsburg Ibid India indigo Inquisição de Lisboa Inquisición investment investors João Jorge king legajo Lisbon Livros das monções Lopes Macao Maluku Islands Manila Manila Galleon Manuel de Paz Melaka million cruzados monopoly pepper percent Philip Philip III ports Portugal Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Portuguese merchants Portuguese trade profits quintals revenues Rodrigues royal sailing seventeenth century shipments silks Silveira Simão Simão Rodrigues Souza Spanish spices Steensgaard tomo trade in Asia tuguese Vaaz vessels Viceroy voyages Ximenes d'Aragão