Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development

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Universal-Publishers, 1997 - 352 頁

Traditional theories of property rights change have posited an evolutionary progression of property rights towards private property in response to changes in the relative price ratio of land compared to the other factors of production. Using case studies from two areas of Ethiopia and one area of Eritrea the dissertation demonstrates the role of political factors such as interest group preference and state intervention in directing property rights development away from a linear path. The case studies trace the development of three separate systems of property rights throughout the twentieth century up to the Ethiopian revolution of 1974. Analysis of history and litigation in the three areas demonstrates that in none did property rights evolve spontaneously towards privatization. In one area of the study relative price changes did not lead to changes in the system of property rights as the theory predicts. In the other two areas, changes in property rights followed a change in the relative price of land, but these changes were brought about exogenously, by the intervention of the government or interest groups in guiding property rights in a particular direction. There are two theoretical conclusions to the study 1) property rights development does not always occur when we expect it to, other factors such as vested interests and government reluctance can intervene with their development and 2) even if property rights do change in response to relative price changes, they may not always move towards privatization or greater specification. In addition, one interesting empirical result of the research was that in communal systems of land tenure the transaction costs of land transfer are higher, leading to a drag on economic efficiency in the overall economy of the region. Generally, the incorporation of political factors into the model of changing property rights leads to a less parsimonious, but more accurate description of the progression of land rights in developing countries in particular.

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TOWARD A POLITICAL MODEL OF PROPERTY RIGHTS
63
ELITE GROUPS ETHNICITY AND LAND
101
WHAT WAS AND
171
ELITE AUTONOMY
211
A POLITICAL MODEL OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
260
COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS
306
MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS
328
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第 66 頁 - Lance E. Davis and Douglass C. North, Institutional Change and American Economic Growth (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971); Douglass C.
第 283 頁 - Samuel L. Popkin, The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); James C.
第 10 頁 - It is my thesis in this part of the paper that the emergence of new property rights takes place in response to the desires of the interacting persons for adjustment to new benefit-cost possibilities.
第 96 頁 - ... institutional innovation will come from rulers rather than constituents since the latter would always face the free rider problem.
第 10 頁 - A primary function of property rights is that of guiding incentives to achieve a greater internalization of externalities.
第 64 頁 - I mean a method of assigning to particular individuals the 'authority' to select, for specific goods, any use from a nonprohibited class of uses...
第 245 頁 - The fundamental obstacle to the realization of the full measure of Ethiopia's agricultural potential has been, simply stated, lack of security in the land. The fruits of the farmer's labour must be enjoyed by him whose toil has produced the crop. The essence of land reform is, while fully respecting the principle of private ownership, that landless people must have the opportunity to possess their own land, that the position of tenant...
第 53 頁 - Land Reform Planning and Indigenous Communal Tenures: A Case Study of the Tenure Chiguraf-gwoses in Tigray, Ethiopia,' SJD dissertation, University of Wisconsin - Madison.
第 10 頁 - Oliver E. Williamson, The economic institutions of capitalism (New York: The Free Press, 1985), chaps. 1-3. For a markedly different approach that also begins from the "new institutionalism," see Jonathan Bendor and Terry M.
第 18 頁 - The picture is less clear for Africa: see G. Feder and R. Noronha, 'Land rights systems and agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa', World Bank Research Observer, 2, 21-30 (2), 1987.

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