Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates, and Social Movement OutcomesDuke University Press, 2003年8月21日 - 344 頁 Strategies for gradually effecting social change are often dismissed as too accommodating of the status quo. Ann-Marie E. Szymanski challenges this assumption, arguing that moderation is sometimes the most effective way to achieve change. Pathways to Prohibition examines the strategic choices of social movements by focusing on the fates of two temperance campaigns. The prohibitionists of the 1880s gained limited success, while their Progressive Era counterparts achieved a remarkable—albeit temporary—accomplishment in American politics: amending the United States Constitution. Szymanski accounts for these divergent outcomes by asserting that choice of strategy (how a social movement defines and pursues its goals) is a significant element in the success or failure of social movements, underappreciated until now. Her emphasis on strategy represents a sharp departure from approaches that prioritize political opportunity as the most consequential factor in campaigns for social change. Combining historical research with the insights of social movement theory, Pathways to Prohibition shows how a locally based, moderate strategy allowed the early-twentieth-century prohibition crusade both to develop a potent grassroots component and to transcend the limited scope of local politics. Szymanski describes how the prohibition movement’s strategic shift toward moderate goals after 1900 reflected the devolution of state legislatures’ liquor licensing power to localities, the judiciary’s growing acceptance of these local licensing regimes, and a collective belief that local electorates, rather than state legislatures, were best situated to resolve controversial issues like the liquor question. "Local gradualism" is well suited to the porous, federal structure of the American state, Szymanski contends, and it has been effectively used by a number of social movements, including the civil rights movement and the Christian right. |
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... activists , moderation is usually not a virtue . For ex- ample , the radical ... anti - slavery principles must of necessity be unsuccessful . ” : But is moderation really so lethal to a social movement ? 1 Like other social movements , ...
... anti - liquor activists became convinced that these groups had lost touch with the gritty reality of local liquor control . As L. Edwin Dudley recalled , “ In one temperance society to which I belonged I asked the question one evening ...
... Anti-Saloon League fits the classical resource mobilization model quite well ... activists and could afford to hire movement organizers; and many organizations attempted to harness the Protestant churches' resources.28 With these resources, ...
... Anti - liquor activists soon found fault with these provincial methods of shap- ing local liquor policy : the provisions were too narrowly drawn , and too dependent on the whims of state and local officials . General local option laws ...
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內容
1 | |
2 Churches Lodges and Dry Organizing | 23 |
3 Modular Collective Action in a Federalist System | 65 |
4 Legislative Supremacy and the Definition of Movement Goals | 89 |
5 Political Alignments Party Systems and Prohibition | 122 |
6 The Dynamics of Local Gradualism in the States | 153 |
7 Turning Moderates into Radicals | 182 |
8 Local Gradualism and American Social Movements | 198 |
Notes | 219 |
Selected Bibliography | 301 |
Index | 317 |