Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates, and Social Movement OutcomesDuke University Press, 2003年8月21日 - 344 頁 Strategies for gradually effecting social change are often dismissed as too accommodating of the status quo. Ann-Marie E. Szymanski challenges this assumption, arguing that moderation is sometimes the most effective way to achieve change. Pathways to Prohibition examines the strategic choices of social movements by focusing on the fates of two temperance campaigns. The prohibitionists of the 1880s gained limited success, while their Progressive Era counterparts achieved a remarkable—albeit temporary—accomplishment in American politics: amending the United States Constitution. Szymanski accounts for these divergent outcomes by asserting that choice of strategy (how a social movement defines and pursues its goals) is a significant element in the success or failure of social movements, underappreciated until now. Her emphasis on strategy represents a sharp departure from approaches that prioritize political opportunity as the most consequential factor in campaigns for social change. Combining historical research with the insights of social movement theory, Pathways to Prohibition shows how a locally based, moderate strategy allowed the early-twentieth-century prohibition crusade both to develop a potent grassroots component and to transcend the limited scope of local politics. Szymanski describes how the prohibition movement’s strategic shift toward moderate goals after 1900 reflected the devolution of state legislatures’ liquor licensing power to localities, the judiciary’s growing acceptance of these local licensing regimes, and a collective belief that local electorates, rather than state legislatures, were best situated to resolve controversial issues like the liquor question. "Local gradualism" is well suited to the porous, federal structure of the American state, Szymanski contends, and it has been effectively used by a number of social movements, including the civil rights movement and the Christian right. |
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... Electoral Competitiveness in States Holding Dry Referenda during the. 10 Electoral Competitiveness and Prohibition Party Strength in States Holding Dry Referenda , 1880-1890 139 19 Patterns of Membership Growth in the Michigan WCTU ...
... Electoral Competitiveness in States Holding Dry Referenda during the 1880s and the Progressive Era 141 12 Percentage of Party Electorates Supporting Prohibition Referenda during the 1880s and the Progressive Era 142 13 Partisan Control ...
... electoral , and judicial arenas and then building on those victories , the ASL drew its adherents into an escalat- ing conflict which eventually scaled the walls of American federalism . Engaged in an ever - widening battle that lasted ...
... electoral pressure , court actions , and occasionally even violence to destroy the saloons and their con- tents . While some movements succeed by being unruly , the prohibition movement , with the exception of the Women's Crusade , 34 ...
... electoral system . Since the drys in both periods used direct legislation as a major vehicle61 for achieving their goals , they frequently left the fate of their movement in the hands of the electorate rather than at the mercy of élites ...
內容
1 | |
2 Churches Lodges and Dry Organizing | 23 |
3 Modular Collective Action in a Federalist System | 65 |
4 Legislative Supremacy and the Definition of Movement Goals | 89 |
5 Political Alignments Party Systems and Prohibition | 122 |
6 The Dynamics of Local Gradualism in the States | 153 |
7 Turning Moderates into Radicals | 182 |
8 Local Gradualism and American Social Movements | 198 |
Notes | 219 |
Selected Bibliography | 301 |
Index | 317 |