Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates, and Social Movement OutcomesDuke University Press, 2003年8月21日 - 344 頁 Strategies for gradually effecting social change are often dismissed as too accommodating of the status quo. Ann-Marie E. Szymanski challenges this assumption, arguing that moderation is sometimes the most effective way to achieve change. Pathways to Prohibition examines the strategic choices of social movements by focusing on the fates of two temperance campaigns. The prohibitionists of the 1880s gained limited success, while their Progressive Era counterparts achieved a remarkable—albeit temporary—accomplishment in American politics: amending the United States Constitution. Szymanski accounts for these divergent outcomes by asserting that choice of strategy (how a social movement defines and pursues its goals) is a significant element in the success or failure of social movements, underappreciated until now. Her emphasis on strategy represents a sharp departure from approaches that prioritize political opportunity as the most consequential factor in campaigns for social change. Combining historical research with the insights of social movement theory, Pathways to Prohibition shows how a locally based, moderate strategy allowed the early-twentieth-century prohibition crusade both to develop a potent grassroots component and to transcend the limited scope of local politics. Szymanski describes how the prohibition movement’s strategic shift toward moderate goals after 1900 reflected the devolution of state legislatures’ liquor licensing power to localities, the judiciary’s growing acceptance of these local licensing regimes, and a collective belief that local electorates, rather than state legislatures, were best situated to resolve controversial issues like the liquor question. "Local gradualism" is well suited to the porous, federal structure of the American state, Szymanski contends, and it has been effectively used by a number of social movements, including the civil rights movement and the Christian right. |
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... of County Option Elections , 1875-1920 175 10 Pattern of Membership Growth , Michigan WCTU , as Compared to Pattern of County Option Victories , 1875-1920 176 List of Tables 1 Estimated Voter Turnout in Referenda Sponsored List of Figures.
... Referenda Sponsored by the Prohibition Movement to Achieve State Prohibition during the 1880s and the Progressive ... Referenda , 1880-1890 138 11 Electoral Competitiveness in States Holding Dry Referenda during the. 10 Electoral ...
... Referenda during the 1880s and the Progressive Era 141 12 Percentage of Party Electorates Supporting Prohibition Referenda during the 1880s and the Progressive Era 142 13 Partisan Control of State Governments during the Prohibition ...
... referenda in eighteen states on whether to include prohibition in their constitutions.5 In one state , North Carolina , the prohi- bitionists failed to frame prohibition as a constitutional issue but nonetheless com- pelled the ...
... referenda― commonly known as “ local option ” laws . Such laws brought nascent drys face to face with the obstinate saloon , and unleashed the democratic potential of the decentralized American state . As one League leader described it ...
內容
1 | |
2 Churches Lodges and Dry Organizing | 23 |
3 Modular Collective Action in a Federalist System | 65 |
4 Legislative Supremacy and the Definition of Movement Goals | 89 |
5 Political Alignments Party Systems and Prohibition | 122 |
6 The Dynamics of Local Gradualism in the States | 153 |
7 Turning Moderates into Radicals | 182 |
8 Local Gradualism and American Social Movements | 198 |
Notes | 219 |
Selected Bibliography | 301 |
Index | 317 |