Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates, and Social Movement OutcomesDuke University Press, 2003年8月21日 - 344 頁 Strategies for gradually effecting social change are often dismissed as too accommodating of the status quo. Ann-Marie E. Szymanski challenges this assumption, arguing that moderation is sometimes the most effective way to achieve change. Pathways to Prohibition examines the strategic choices of social movements by focusing on the fates of two temperance campaigns. The prohibitionists of the 1880s gained limited success, while their Progressive Era counterparts achieved a remarkable—albeit temporary—accomplishment in American politics: amending the United States Constitution. Szymanski accounts for these divergent outcomes by asserting that choice of strategy (how a social movement defines and pursues its goals) is a significant element in the success or failure of social movements, underappreciated until now. Her emphasis on strategy represents a sharp departure from approaches that prioritize political opportunity as the most consequential factor in campaigns for social change. Combining historical research with the insights of social movement theory, Pathways to Prohibition shows how a locally based, moderate strategy allowed the early-twentieth-century prohibition crusade both to develop a potent grassroots component and to transcend the limited scope of local politics. Szymanski describes how the prohibition movement’s strategic shift toward moderate goals after 1900 reflected the devolution of state legislatures’ liquor licensing power to localities, the judiciary’s growing acceptance of these local licensing regimes, and a collective belief that local electorates, rather than state legislatures, were best situated to resolve controversial issues like the liquor question. "Local gradualism" is well suited to the porous, federal structure of the American state, Szymanski contends, and it has been effectively used by a number of social movements, including the civil rights movement and the Christian right. |
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... Option Elections , 1875-1920 175 10 Pattern of Membership Growth , Michigan WCTU , as Compared to Pattern of County Option Victories , 1875-1920 176 List of Tables 1 Estimated Voter Turnout in Referenda Sponsored List of Figures.
... Voter Turnout in Referenda Sponsored by the Prohibition Movement to Achieve State Prohibition during the 1880s and the Progressive Era 15 2 Tactics of the Anti - Liquor Movement 66 3 Goals of the Anti - Liquor Movement 92 4 General ...
... voters in twelve states rejected pro- hibition outright ; in four other states , constitutional prohibition won but fleeting victories . As of 1900 , Kansas , Maine , and North Dakota alone retained constitu- tional prohibition , and ...
... voters in the electoral system . Since the drys in both periods used direct legislation as a major vehicle61 for ... voter turnout.63 Scholars have offered two sets of explanations for the demobilization of the electorate in the ...
... Voter Turnout in Referenda Sponsored by the Prohibition Movement to Achieve State Prohibition during the 1880s and the Progressive Era Year of Voter Turnout for Average Turnout, Voter Presidential Referendum, Referendum, Elections, Year ...
內容
1 | |
2 Churches Lodges and Dry Organizing | 23 |
3 Modular Collective Action in a Federalist System | 65 |
4 Legislative Supremacy and the Definition of Movement Goals | 89 |
5 Political Alignments Party Systems and Prohibition | 122 |
6 The Dynamics of Local Gradualism in the States | 153 |
7 Turning Moderates into Radicals | 182 |
8 Local Gradualism and American Social Movements | 198 |
Notes | 219 |
Selected Bibliography | 301 |
Index | 317 |