Katyń: The Untold Story of Stalin's Polish MassacreC. Scribner's Sons, 1991 - 390 頁 Powerful examination of Stalin's infamous WW II campaign against Poland's professional and middle classes, exemplified by the 1940 execution (denied by the Soviets until 1990) of most of Poland's officer corps in the Katy Forest and at still-unknown sites. The Katy Forest massacre, in which 15,000 Polish officers held by the Bolsheviks were shot by the NKVD, has become the ``complex symbol of Polish suffering at the hands of Stalin, '' argues Paul, who began his research at the Center for European Studies in Bologna, Italy, under the auspices of Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Advanced International Studies. Using US Congressional testimony released only in 1989, buttressed by extensive interviews with survivors, Paul claims to present the most definitive view to date of Katy, blending historical reportage with narratives of three families caught up in Stalin's crimes. Indeed, for 50 years the story was buried not only by the Soviets but by Western governments, which concealed knowledge of Soviet guilt to protect their relationships with the USSR. Paul presents evidence of Stalin's one-word written order, ``Liquidate, '' which led to the murders, then details Soviet attempts to deny knowledge of the atrocity and, later, to blame the Nazis for it (after the Germans discovered some of the mass graves, the Nazis sought to propagandize the crime in order to divide the Allies). According to Paul, Stalin even manipulated the discovery ``to deal the legitimate government of Poland a lethal blow'' and set up a puppet regime. Moreover, Paul says, during the war years, the Soviets deported to Siberia and other harsh climes more than a million middle-class Poles, many of whom ``perished from starvation, forced labor and neglect.'' Well researched and ably written: a fine and harrowing study. |
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第 83 頁
... mean economic catastrophe , since he was the fami- ly's only breadwinner . The price of gold skyrocketed in the ... means possible . Declining income forced Janina to put her daughters to work . She quickly placed Magda as a math ...
... mean economic catastrophe , since he was the fami- ly's only breadwinner . The price of gold skyrocketed in the ... means possible . Declining income forced Janina to put her daughters to work . She quickly placed Magda as a math ...
第 178 頁
... means New Road , and indeed the Polish army - in - exile was embarking on a long journey , which would eventually ... mean starvation for thousands of his men and for thousands of civilians who had become totally dependent on the army ...
... means New Road , and indeed the Polish army - in - exile was embarking on a long journey , which would eventually ... mean starvation for thousands of his men and for thousands of civilians who had become totally dependent on the army ...
第 278 頁
... means settled the question of what happened to the documents . After the war , rumors began circulating in Poland - and continue circulating to this day - that the underground succeeded in stealing the evidence and that someday the ...
... means settled the question of what happened to the documents . After the war , rumors began circulating in Poland - and continue circulating to this day - that the underground succeeded in stealing the evidence and that someday the ...
常見字詞
agreement Allies Anders April army-in-exile arrested arrived asked attack August authorities Beck began bodies Bolsheviks British Buzuluk camp captured Churchill Cichy Colonel commission committee crime Curzon Line Czarnek documents east eastern Poland evidence finally forced frontier German Gestapo graves Gryazovets Hearings Hitler Hoffman Home Army hundred ibid interview invasion investigation Janina Jędruch Katyn Katyń Forest Katyn Forest Massacre knew Kokpekty Kozelsk Kraków large number later London Lwów Magda Maria massacre Mikołajczyk miles military Molotov Moscow mother murdered Nazis Neuhoff NKVD Ostashkov pact Pawulska Piłsudski Poles Polish army Polish government Polish government-in-exile Polish officers prisoners propaganda Przemyśl quickly Red Army Red Cross River Roosevelt Russian seemed sent September Sikorski Skawa Smolensk Soviet Union Stalin Stanisław Starobelsk Staszek station Tadeusz taken Tehran territory thousand tion told train truck Ukrainian underground victims Vliet waiting Warsaw Wehrmacht West Western Zaleski Zbigniew Zofia