Katyń: The Untold Story of Stalin's Polish MassacreC. Scribner's Sons, 1991 - 390 頁 Powerful examination of Stalin's infamous WW II campaign against Poland's professional and middle classes, exemplified by the 1940 execution (denied by the Soviets until 1990) of most of Poland's officer corps in the Katy Forest and at still-unknown sites. The Katy Forest massacre, in which 15,000 Polish officers held by the Bolsheviks were shot by the NKVD, has become the ``complex symbol of Polish suffering at the hands of Stalin, '' argues Paul, who began his research at the Center for European Studies in Bologna, Italy, under the auspices of Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Advanced International Studies. Using US Congressional testimony released only in 1989, buttressed by extensive interviews with survivors, Paul claims to present the most definitive view to date of Katy, blending historical reportage with narratives of three families caught up in Stalin's crimes. Indeed, for 50 years the story was buried not only by the Soviets but by Western governments, which concealed knowledge of Soviet guilt to protect their relationships with the USSR. Paul presents evidence of Stalin's one-word written order, ``Liquidate, '' which led to the murders, then details Soviet attempts to deny knowledge of the atrocity and, later, to blame the Nazis for it (after the Germans discovered some of the mass graves, the Nazis sought to propagandize the crime in order to divide the Allies). According to Paul, Stalin even manipulated the discovery ``to deal the legitimate government of Poland a lethal blow'' and set up a puppet regime. Moreover, Paul says, during the war years, the Soviets deported to Siberia and other harsh climes more than a million middle-class Poles, many of whom ``perished from starvation, forced labor and neglect.'' Well researched and ably written: a fine and harrowing study. |
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第 1 到 3 筆結果,共 79 筆
第 79 頁
... taken . But on the second day , officers of different ranks were taken and they felt better . Some guessed that they would be taken west - for example to Brest . There , special committees would ask them whether they would like to go to ...
... taken . But on the second day , officers of different ranks were taken and they felt better . Some guessed that they would be taken west - for example to Brest . There , special committees would ask them whether they would like to go to ...
第 80 頁
... taken to stop those anti - Soviet slanders . Some officers spread the news that the POWs , no matter where their families come from , are being sent to Germany , and in this connection they threaten those who showed loyal attitudes ...
... taken to stop those anti - Soviet slanders . Some officers spread the news that the POWs , no matter where their families come from , are being sent to Germany , and in this connection they threaten those who showed loyal attitudes ...
第 336 頁
... taken to Kaytń Forest in late April 1943. He had signed that commission's unanimous finding that the murders had taken place approximately three years earlier , in the spring of 1940. Shortly after the Red Army liberated his native ...
... taken to Kaytń Forest in late April 1943. He had signed that commission's unanimous finding that the murders had taken place approximately three years earlier , in the spring of 1940. Shortly after the Red Army liberated his native ...
常見字詞
agreement Allies Anders April army-in-exile arrested arrived asked attack August authorities Beck began bodies Bolsheviks British Buzuluk camp captured Churchill Cichy Colonel commission committee crime Curzon Line Czarnek documents east eastern Poland evidence finally forced frontier German Gestapo graves Gryazovets Hearings Hitler Hoffman Home Army hundred ibid interview invasion investigation Janina Jędruch Katyn Katyń Forest Katyn Forest Massacre knew Kokpekty Kozelsk Kraków large number later London Lwów Magda Maria massacre Mikołajczyk miles military Molotov Moscow mother murdered Nazis Neuhoff NKVD Ostashkov pact Pawulska Piłsudski Poles Polish army Polish government Polish government-in-exile Polish officers prisoners propaganda Przemyśl quickly Red Army Red Cross River Roosevelt Russian seemed sent September Sikorski Skawa Smolensk Soviet Union Stalin Stanisław Starobelsk Staszek station Tadeusz taken Tehran territory thousand tion told train truck Ukrainian underground victims Vliet waiting Warsaw Wehrmacht West Western Zaleski Zbigniew Zofia