History, Religion, and AntisemitismUniversity of California Press, 1990年5月8日 - 391 頁 Gavin I. Langmuir's work on the formation and nature of antisemitism has earned him an international reputation. In History, Religion, and Antisemitism he bravely confronts the problems that arise when historians have to describe and explain religious phenomena, as any historian of antisemitism must. How, and to what extent, can the historian be objective? Is it possible to discuss Christian attitudes toward Jews, for example, without adopting the historical explanations of those whose thoughts and actions one is discussing? What, exactly, does the historian mean by "religion" or "religious"? Langmuir's original and stimulating responses to these questions reflect his inquiry into the approaches of anthropology, sociology, and psychology and into recent empirical research on the functioning of the mind and the nature of thought. His distinction between religiosity, a property of individuals, and religion, a social phenomenon, allows him to place unusual emphasis on the role of religious doubts and tensions and the irrationality they can produce. Defining antisemitism as irrational beliefs about Jews, he distinguishes Christian anti-Judaism from Christian antisemitism, demonstrates that antisemitism emerged in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries because of rising Christian doubts, and sketches how the revolutionary changes in religion and mentality in the modern period brought new faiths, new kinds of religious doubt, and a deadlier expression of antisemitism. Although he developed it in dealing with the difficult question of antisemitism, Langmuir's approach to religious history is important for historians in all areas. |
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內容
3 | |
18 | |
Rationalization and Explanation | 42 |
The Concept of Religion | 69 |
Religion as Compensation | 88 |
Religion as Symbols | 110 |
Proposals for a Historiographic Solution | 131 |
A Definition of Religion | 133 |
Physiocentric Religion | 201 |
Religious Doubt | 232 |
Religious Irrationality | 252 |
The Religious Roots of Antisemitism | 273 |
From AntiJudaism to Antisemitism | 275 |
The Revolution in Religiosity | 306 |
Physiocentric Antisemitism | 318 |
Religiosity and Objectivity | 347 |
Nonrational Thinking | 143 |
A Definition of Religiosity | 158 |
The Empirical Accessibility of Religion and Religiosity | 177 |
Index | 369 |
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accept actions adherents anti-Judaism antisemitism argued Aryan assertions atheists attributed aware Catholicism century characteristics Christ Christian beliefs Christian religions church compensators conception conduct conflict consciousness cosmic culture definition of religion deicide denotative describe developed discussion distinction distinguish doubts empirical knowledge Eucharist example existence explanation expressed faith fantasies fundamental Geertz Germany historians human Ibid ideas identity individuals irrational irrationality Jesus Jewish Jews Judaic religion Judaism kind language Léon Poliakov ligion Marxist meaning medieval mental Nazis Nazism nineteenth nonrational beliefs nonrational thinking objective observable obvious over-beliefs Pauline Christianity Peter the Venerable pirical political prescribed prescriptions problem psychological rational empirical knowledge rational empirical thinking rational thinking rationally and empirically reactions recognize reductionism reli religion and religiosity religious beliefs religious phenomena rewards ritual ritual murder Roman Rudolf Otto sacred salient scholars semiotic sense society supernatural surrogate religions symbols Talmud tension theories think rationally thought tional tions traditional religions understanding York
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第 249 頁 - We are even found to be misrepresenting God, because we testified of God that he raised Christ - whom he did not raise if it is true that the dead are not raised.
第 115 頁 - Without further ado, then, a religion is: (1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish powerful, pervasive, and longlasting moods and motivations in men by (3) formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that (5) the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic.
第 167 頁 - Religion, therefore, as I now ask you arbitrarily to take it, shall mean for us the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine.
第 167 頁 - That reason is that, so long as we deal with the cosmic and the general, we deal only with the symbols of reality, but as soon as we deal with private and personal phenomena as such, we deal with realities in the completest sense of the term.
第 294 頁 - Thus the Jews, against whom the blood of Jesus Christ calls out, although they ought not be killed, lest the Christian people forget the divine law, yet as wanderers ought they to remain upon the earth, until their countenance be filled with shame and they seek the name of Jesus Christ, the Lord.
第 115 頁 - A people's ethos is the tone, character, and quality of their life, its moral and aesthetic style and mood; it is the underlying attitude toward themselves and their world that life reflects. Their world view is their picture of the way things in sheer actuality are, their concept of nature, of self, of society. It contains their most comprehensive ideas of order.