Purpose 1894 1899 1899 1910 1910-11 1911 1911 To suppress riotous proceedings at request of local authorities. To suppress riots and protect American interests. To establish a stable government; joint action by United To obtain the release of an American merchant vessel cap- To protect American life and property. To protect American consulate at Valparaiso. To protect life and property at the time of the deposition of the Queen. To protect American commerce in Brazilian waters during a revolt of the Brazilian Navy; it was reported that the insurgents had the assistance of certain European powers. To protect the American Legation. To assist in settling controversy over succession to Samoan throne. To protect life and property, upon petition of foreign mer- To protect life and property at time of Boxer uprising. To protect American lives and property and to prevent To protect American consulate and American interests during hostilities between Honduras and Nicaragua. To protect American life and property during revolution; to prevent the bombardment of Bluefields. To protect American interests during revolutionary disturbances. To protect the consulate and property of American citizens To protect American consulate and American citizens at To increase the guard of the American Legation at Peking. To save a woman and some children and conduct them to To quell uprising; to protect American life and property. To protect American property. at request of Government of To protect Dominican customshouses, in conformity with To prevent disorder and give protection. To act as a guard for the American Embassy. To enforce demands for amends for affronts and indignities to an officer of the US. S. Dolphin and the crew of the whaleboat of the Dolphin. To protect American life and property during disturbed conditions. To guard American property. To protect the American Legation during local fighting. To protect American life and property during the advance of To protect against possible violence by retreating Fengtien To protect American nationals. To protect Americans against brigandage. To protect American life and property during unsettled conditions; intermittent landing of forces. To protect American property. To extend protection during unsettled conditions, at request of Panamanian Government. To protect life and property during revolution. To protect lives and interests of Americans during mob-riot disturbances. To protect American lives and property. To afford protection against looting and general disorder. To strengthen forces at Shanghai, as a measure of protection 1911 62. China, Nanking. 1916 63. Mexico. 1916-17 64. Dominican Republic.. 65. Cuba.. 1916-24 1918 68. Panama 1919 69. China, Kiukiang. 1920 V. KOREA CHRONOLOGY OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS, JULY 1, 1949, TO JUNE 30, 1950 July 1, 1949: Korean Military Advisory Group (KMAG) established. August 4, 1949: North Korean forces launch a new and large-scale invasion of the Ongjin Peninsula, but are repulsed after heavy fighting. August 6, 1949: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek arrives in Korea for talks with President Rhee on projected Pacific Pact. August 9, 1949: North Korean radio calls for revolt against the government of Syngman Rhee in South Korea. August 23, 1949: The Republic of Korea is formally admitted to membership in the World Health Organization as its sixty-fifth member. September: The "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" fails to hold the all-Korea election called for in the manifesto issued on June 28, 1949, by the Communist-dominated Democratic Front for the attainment of unification of the fatherland. No explanation is given for the failure to carry out previously announced plans. September 9-20, 1949: Extremely heavy guerrilla warfare commences across thirty-eighth parallel; heavy casualties are reported on both sides. September 22, 1949: Steamship Kimball Smith defects to Chinnampo, North Korea, with ECA employees Willis and Meschter held captive by crew. September 28, 1949: The United States Congress passes the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, which authorizes expenditure of $27,000,000 for military aid to Iran, the Philippines, and the Republic of Korea. October 2, 1949: The United States presents to the Soviet Foreign Office a note requesting that the U. S. S. R. assist in determining the location of the missing ship and ECA officials and facilitate their return. Two hundred and forty-nine guerrillas are executed on Cheju Island with approval of President Rhee as a result of riots earlier in year. Those executed include 1 officer and 20 enlisted men of Ninth Regiment, formerly stationed on Cheju. October 6, 1949: "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" recognizes the People's Republic of China. October 10, 1949: The President signed Public Law 343, the third deficiency bill appropriating $30,000,000 for economic assistance to the Republic of Korea during the period July 1-October 15, 1949, and covering sums appropriated by Public Law 154 of June 30, 1949, which permitted spending on the basis of the annual budget estimate for 1 month ending July 30, 1949, and Public Law 196 approved August 1, 1949, permitting the continuation of spending on the same basis until August 16, 1949. October 12, 1949: S. 2319 authorizing an appropriation of $120,000,000 for economic assistance to the Republic of Korea passed by the Senate. October 14, 1949: The U. S. S. R. rejects the request made in the American note of October 2, stating that the matter is within the province of the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea." The Foreign Minister of the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" sends a letter to the Secretary General of the UN challenging the legality of UN activity in Korea and expressing determination to drive the UN Commission out of Korea. North Korean forces begin a new offensive on the Ongjin Peninsula, and severe fighting continues for several days. October 22, 1949: The UN General Assembly decides to continue the UN Commission on Korea (UNCOK) and to charge it to investigate developments "which might lead to or otherwise involve military conflict in Korea." The Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) admits the Republic of Korea as an associate member and rejects the application of the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea. October 25, 1949: The Home Minister of the Republic of Korea announces that "SKLP (South Korea Labor Party) Extermination Week" will begin on November 1; those who wish to repent and join the National Guidance Alliance (an organization for converted exCommunists) are urged to do so before that date. October 28, 1949: The President of the United States signs Public Law 430, second supplemental appropriation bill, appropriating another $30,000,000 for economic aid to the Republic of Korea during the period October 15, 1949, to February 15, 1950. October 29, 1949: The United States presents to the U. S. S. R. a second note concerning the Steamship Kimball Smith and the two American officials of the Economic Cooperation Administration held in northern Korea. November 7, 1949: The "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" recognizes the (East) German Democratic Republic. November 14, 1949: The U. S. S. R., replying to the American note of October 29, agrees to inform the North Korean authorities, through the Soviet Ambassador in Pyongyang, of the United States request for information. November 15, 1949: In a radio broadcast, the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" acknowledges for the first time the presence of the two American officials in northern Korea and states that the authorities in the north are willing to turn them over to the American Government. November 23, 1949: The Republic of Korea is admitted to membership in the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. November 24-25, 1949: Village people's committees are elected in North Korea November 26, 1949: The new Secretary General of the UN Commission on Korea and other staff members arrive in Seoul. December 3, 1949: Township people's committees are elected in North Korea. December 11, 1949: Meschter and Willis, the two American officials of the Economic Cooperation Administration held in North Korea since September 22, are turned over to a representative of the American Embassy at the thirty-eighth parallel. December 14, 1949: Kim Il Sung, Premier of the "Democratic People's Republic," and party leave North Korea for Moscow to participate in the celebration of Stalin's seventieth birthday. December 17, 1949: Republic of Korea approved program discussed with them by MDAP Survey Team. December 26, 1949: MDAP Survey Team arrives in Republic of Korea. Chung Paek, prominent and long-time Communist arrested in South Korea in late November on his return from North Korea, denounces the North Korean regime and pledges his allegiance to the Republic, lending prominence to the National Guidance Alliance and the South Korea "Voluntary Surrender Week." January 12, 1950: Ambassador Philip Jessup speaks before the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. January 18, 1950: UN International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) announces plans for a $550,000 child welfare program in Korea; Dr. Clarence W. MacCharles, of Canada, is named director. January 19, 1950: H. R. 5330 authorizing the appropriation of $120,000,000 for economic assistance to the Republic of Korea defeated in the House of Representatives by a vote of 192-191. January 26, 1950: The military defense assistance program and Korea Military Advisory Group (KMAG) agreements are signed. February 8, 1950: The UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) at Lake Success endorses the Republic of Korea's application by membership in the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). February 9, 1950: S. 2319 authorizing the appropriation of $120,000,000 for economic assistance to the Republic of Korea for fiscal year 1950 with an amendment extending aid to China passed by the House of Representatives. February 10, 1950: S. 2319, as amended by the House, passed by the Senate; President Rhee hands foreign correspondents message of gratitude for passage of the aid bill. February 14, 1950: President Rhee, accompanied by Foreign Minister, Director of Office of Public Information (OPI), Deputy Chief of Staff of Korean Army, and staff, departs for Tokyo for consultation. February 15, 1950: Korea requests spare parts and ammunition for 10 AT6 planes, and State Department allocates money to Defense Department. February 17, 1950: The World Health Organization grants the Republic of Korea $750,000 for public health program for fiscal year 1950. February 24, 1950: The Republic of Korea signs a contract with Japan for export of 100,000 metric tons of rice to Japan at $142 per ton. February 27, 1950: President Truman transmits to the United States Congress requests for appropriation of $60,000,000 for aid to the Republic of Korea for fiscal year 1950 and for the authorization of $100,000,000 for economic assistance for fiscal year 1951. March 3, 1950: Headquarters of the Special Army-Police Joint Search Organ in South Korea announces arrest of 196-man "destruction party" led by Ch'oe Yung Ch'oo. The party allegedly was taking orders from the North Korean Vice Minister of Internal Security in order to stage a revolt in March. March 4, 1950: The Secretary General of the UN announces that, in compliance with a request from the UN Commission on Korea, eight observers are being sent to Korea to observe clashes along the 38th parallel. March 15, 1950: Korean program submitted by Department of Defense to Department of State. March 20, 1950: KMAG agreement ratified by Korean legislature. March 29, 1950: Korean military aid program approved by State Department. March 30, 1950: The South Korea Assembly ratifies the Korea Military Advisory Group and military defense-assistance program agreement by a vote of 90 to 1. March 31, 1950: The United States House of Representatives passes H. R. 7797, authorizing the appropriation of $100,000,000 for aid to the Republic of Korea during fiscal year 1951. April 3, 1950: Korean Ambassador in Washington (John M. Chang) is handed United States aide-memoire regarding financial situation in Korea and ECA assistance. Am April 4, 1950: United States Ambassador to Korea (John J. Muccio) hands United States aide-memoire to President Rhee. bassador Muccio is subsequently recalled for consultation regarding financial situation in Korea. April 11, 1950: South Koreans request armament and ammunition for PC boats (sec. 408 (e) MDA Act). April 19, 1950: The Office of Public Information of the Republic of Korea announces that a general election for members of the National Assembly is to be held on May 30. April 20, 1950: Air Force directed to supply machine guns, spare parts, and ammunition to South Korea under section 408 (e) of the MDA Act on patrol craft sailing from west coast in May 1950. April 24, 1950: The Foreign Minister of the Republic of Korea invites the United Nations Commission on Korea to observe general elections in the Republic. Allocation made by Department of State to Defense Department of funds to carry out supply action by Air Force. April 28, 1950: Fulbright agreement between United States and Korea (ROK) is signed. May 5, 1950: Senate passed S. 3304, authorizing the appropriation of 100 million dollars for economic assistance to the Republic of Korea. May 15, 1950: State Department authorizes additional Army and Coast Guard military assistance to South Korea. May 18, 1950: House and Senate conferees agreed on H. R. 7797. May 23, 1950: H. R. 7797 as reported by conference passed by Allocation by State Department to Defense Department of funds to carry out supply action. May 25, 1950: H. R. 7797 as reported by conference passed by Senate. Joint Chiefs of Staff directed to program the additional Army and Coast Guard items authorized May 15, 1950. May 30, 1950: National Assembly elections are held in the Republic of Korea. About 90 percent of the electorate votes, and the established political parties, including both the supporters of and the opposition to President Rhee, retain only a small percentage of their Assembly membership; over 65 percent of the seats go to independents. June 5, 1950: President approves Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950 (Public Law 535), including authorization of $100,000,000 economic aid to Korea. June 7, 1950: The North Korea regime proposes a general all-Korea election on August 5, a meeting of a Supreme Korean Assembly on August 15, and the holding of a preliminary Joint North-South |