Ruling Peasants: Village and State in Late Imperial RussiaNorthern Illinois University Press, 2007 - 271 頁 Who ruled the countryside in late Imperial Russia? On the rare occasions that tsarist administrators dared pose the question so boldly, they reluctantly answered that the peasants ruled. Historians have largely echoed this assessment, pointing to the state's failure to penetrate rural society as a key reason for the tsarist government's collapse. Ruling Peasants challenges this dominant paradigm of the closed village by investigating the ways peasants engaged tsarist laws and the local institutions that were created in a series of contradictory legal, administrative, and agrarian reforms from the late 1880s to the eve of World War I. Gaudin's analysis of the practices of village assemblies, local courts, and elected peasant elders reveals a society riven by dissension. As villagers argued among themselves in terms defined by government, the peasants and their communities were transformed. Key concepts such as "custom," "commune," "property," and "fairness" were forged in such dialogue between the rulers and the ruled. By the end of the nineteenth century, the framework of dialogue between the peasants and the state no longer worked. The more peasants used the institutions and laws available to them, the more they solicited the authorities, and the greater the obstacles to communication grew. Villagers' rising expectations for assistance foundered in the face of inconsistent state policies and arbitrary legal responses. Ironically, the success of often contradictory reforms--a success unrecognized by administrators themselves--contributed to undermining the state's legitimacy. |
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... usually precluded extended dis- cussion , consideration of the details of each case , or direct questioning of litigants and witnesses . Even in the first years , when caseloads were still relatively light , some district congresses ...
... usually served as the administration building . Even the most energetic land captains found it difficult to un- derstand the inner workings of a volost office . Polivanov noted the irony of inspections , where the reviewer knew much ...
... usually framed in the language of property rights . Such ambiguities did not simplify the task of the appeal instances charged with untangling conflicting claims . More often than not , local officials simply ignored references to ...
內容
Ideologies of Authority and Institutional Settings | 14 |
Land Captains Peasant Officials and the Experience of Local Authority | 47 |
Volost Courts and the Dilemmas of Legal Acculturation | 85 |
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