Common Minerals and Rocks: Their Occurrence and UsesSmith-Brooks printing Company, 1913 - 406 頁 |
常見字詞
alkali Alteration aluminum andesites antimony arsenic augite basalts bead biotite blue borax breccias brittle brown calcite calcium carbonate cement cent chemical chlorite clay Cleavage closed tube coal cobalt color Colorado localities colorless commonly composition conchoidal containing copper Crystal form crystalline dark minerals deposits Diaphaneity diorites eye-grained feldspar fibrous flame Fracture fuses gabbros garnet gives glass globule gneisses grains granite granular gray green gypsum Hardness heated hornblende hydrochloric acid hydrous igneous rocks iron lens-grained leucite lime limestone Luster magnesium mainly manganese manufacture masses massive metallic metamorphic mica monoclinic nephelite nickel nitric acid occurs olivine opaque orthoclase orthorhombic oxide pearly phenocrysts plagioclase porphyry potassium powder prismatic prisms pyrite pyroxene quartz rarely rhyolite salts sandstone schists sedimentary serpentine silicate silver soda sodium soluble solution sometimes Specific gravity stone Streak subconchoidal sulphate sulphide sulphuric acid surface syenite Tenacity Tests texture transparent to translucent trioxide uneven vitreous yellow yields zinc
熱門章節
第 363 頁 - Portland cement is the product obtained by finely pulverizing clinker produced by calcining to incipient fusion an intimate and properly proportioned mixture of argillaceous and calcareous materials, with no additions subsequent to calcination excepting water and calcined or uncalcined gypsum.
第 363 頁 - ... less than 1.6 to 1, or more than 2.3 to 1." The Materials used in Portland cement manufacture include: (a) the calcareous material, which may be pure, hard limestone, chalk, argillaceous limestone ("cement rock"), marble or marble refuse, or marl; (b) the argillaceous material, which may be clay, shale or slate; (c) gypsum, which is added mainly to retard the process of setting.
第 18 頁 - Mohs's scale, which consists of ten common minerals arranged in order of increasing hardness, as follows: 1. Talc, 6. Feldspar, 2. Gypsum, 7. Quartz, 3. Calcite, 8. Topaz, 4. Fluorite, 9. Corundum, 5. Apatite, 10. Diamond, Beryl, 7.5 to 8 in hardness, is often substituted for topaz in the above scale.
第 218 頁 - Not soluble in acids; soluble in ammonia. Rubbed on a moistened surface of zinc or iron, it swells, blackens, and the surface of zinc is silvered, and the mineral is reduced to spongy metallic silver. Remarks: It is probably always secondary, and may be deposited from solution by the chlorides of surface waters. EMBOLITE, chloride-bromide of silver, Ag(Cl.Br), is a yellow to green, sectile mineral of resinous to adamantine luster, having a hardness of 1 — 1.5, a specific gravity of 5.3 — 5.4,...
第 103 頁 - ... fracture ; a solubility of 4 per cent in ether and 30 per cent in oil of turpentine. When rubbed, it becomes electric and emits a bituminous odor. In a flame it swells up, gives off spurts of gas, and emits a bituminous odor. The principal known deposit...
第 366 頁 - ... of the bulk of the fluid originally used. These three products are treated as follows: — The impure eupione oil is mixed with from 5 to 10 per cent, of its weight of oil of vitriol or sulphuric acid, to which an equal bulk of water is added ; bichromate of potash is next thrown in, equal in weight to one-half of the sulphuric acid employed ; the whole is then heated in any convenient vessel of wood, lead or earthenware, and during the heating the materials are...
第 352 頁 - Stones for Building and Decoration," pp. 459-461. (12) which would stand quarrying and shipment would have a crushing strength high enough for perfect safety in all ordinary structures. Builders will rarely place a stone where the direct pressure upon it will exceed one-tenth of its crushing strength. The tensile strength of a stone is its ability to withstand a pulling stress. It depends upon the cohesion of the particles of the stone, and has been discussed under "mode of aggregation.
第 383 頁 - The property possessed by some crystals of breaking down into grains or powder. Elastic. When a plate of fresh muscovite is bent and then released it will immediately straighten out. Such a mineral is elastic. Exfoliate. To swell up and open into leaves or plates like a partly opened book.
第 354 頁 - ... says that in many of the limestone quarries of Wisconsin thin beds five to six inches in thickness, when first exposed to the summer's sun, become heated entirely through and arch up on the quarry floor, and generally break so as to be useless. In certain parts of India the quarrymen build a fire on the floor of the granite quarry, and, as the fire is moved slowly over the surface, a slab of stone of uniform thickness splits away from the underlying rock. The thickness depends upon the depth...
第 95 頁 - It would be impossible to give even a brief outline of the various and extensive industries based upon coal-tar as the raw material. In its raw state the tar is used for fuel, for gas manufacture, for weather-proof and chemical-proof paint, for the manufacture of roofing-felt and lamp-black, as a binder in briquetting slack coal, etc. By distillation and other chemical processes coal-tar is made to yield hundreds of useful products, which may be grouped as follows : 1.