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The United States Government notes the statement of the Soviet Government that due to weather conditions, the possibility of error on the part of the Soviet planes existed in regard to this incident. It is presumed that this possibility of error refers to the geographic position and not the identity of the United States aircraft since it was flying in a clear area above broken lower cloud strata at the time it was attacked.

Taking into account the regret expressed by the Soviet Government; its offer of compensation for damages to the plane and crew by the payment of 50 percent thereof; and, in particular, the statement in the Soviet memorandum that strict orders have been issued by the Soviet Government to its military authorities to refrain from any future action of this character, the Government of the United States is prepared, for the reasons herein mentioned, to regard the Soviet memorandum as providing an acceptable basis for the disposal of this particular incident; noting at the same time, however, that the United States plane acted throughout in a correct and blameless manner in pursuance of its peaceful mission and was in fact attacked over international waters.

In conclusion, the United States Government expresses the hope that the Soviet Government will indeed in the future take all necessary measures to avoid repetition of this and like incidents, a repetition. which, if it occurred, would inevitably have a harmful effect upon the relations of our two nations, relations which the United States, for its part, desires to see improved.

C. ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RELATIONS

23. IMPORTS FROM THE SOVIET UNION AND OTHER COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: Proclamation by the President, August 1, 1951 1

WHEREAS Sections 5 and 11 of the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951 (Public Law 50, 82d Congress)2 provide as follows:

"SEC. 5. As soon as practicable, the President shall take such action as is necessary to suspend, withdraw or prevent the application of any reduction in any rate of duty, or binding of any existing customs or excise treatment, or other concession contained in any trade agreement entered into under authority of section 350 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended and extended, to imports from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and to imports from any nation or area dominated or controlled by the foreign government or foreign organization controlling the world Communist movement."

1 Department of State Bulletin, Aug. 20, 1951, p. 291; and 65 Stat. c25-c26. 2 Act of June 16, 1951; infra, pp. 2888-2892.

"SEC. 11. The President shall, as soon as practicable, take such measures as may be necessary to prevent the importation of ermine, fox, kolinsky, marten, mink, muskrat, and weasel furs and skins, dressed or undressed, which are the product of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or of Communist China."

WHEREAS an important element in determining when it may be practicable to apply these provisions to particular articles is the ability to do so consistently with the international obligations of the United States;

WHEREAS, in giving effect to the procedures available to free the United States from international obligations existing with respect to some of the nations and areas covered by the above provisions, it will not be practicable to apply such provisions to all such nations and areas at the same time;

Now, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of America, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes, including the said sections 5 and 11 of the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951, do proclaim:

PART I

That the application of reduced rates of duty (including rates of import tax) established pursuant to trade agreements heretofore or hereafter entered into under the authority of section 350 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as originally enacted or as amended and extended (ch. 474, 48 Stat. 943; ch. 22, 50 Stat. 24; ch. 96, 54 Stat. 107; ch. 118, 57 Stat. 125; ch. 269, 59 Stat. 410; ch. 678, 62 Stat. 1053; ch. 585, 63 Stat. 697; Public Law 50, 82d Congress), shall be suspended with respect to imports from such nations and areas referred to in section 5 as may be specified in any notification pursuant to this part of this proclamation given by the President to the Secretary of the Treasury, and published in the Federal Register, which are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on such date as may be specified for each such nation or area in the notification, or are so entered or withdrawn thereafter until such date as may be so specified in a later notification and so published for the termination of such suspension. For the purposes of this part the term "imports from such nations and areas" shall mean articles imported directly or indirectly into the United States from nations or areas specified in an effective notification, but shall not in any case include articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other nation or area.

PART II

That the entry, or withdrawal from warehouse, for consumption of ermine, fox, kolinsky, marten, mink, muskrat, and weasel furs and skins, dressed or undressed, shall be prohibited as to products of such nations and areas as may be specified in any notification pursuant to this part of this proclamation given by the President to the Secretary of the Treasury, and published in the Federal Register, on such date as may be specified for each such nation or area in the notification, and

thereafter until such date as may be so specified in a later notification and so published for the termination of such prohibition.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this 1st day of August in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and fifty-one, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and seventy-sixth.

24. SUSPENSION OF PUBLICATION OF AMERIKA AND THE U.S.S.R. INFORMATION BULLETIN: Note From the American Embassy at Moscow to the Soviet Foreign Ministry, July 14, 1952 1

The Embassy of the United States of America presents its compliments to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and has the honor to state that it has been instructed to inform the Soviet Government that publication of the magazine "Amerika" is being suspended immediately.

Since the beginning of 1949 it has become increasingly apparent that the Soviet Government, through its agencies, has been engaged in progressive restriction of the full distribution and free sale of the magazine. As a result of this obstruction the number of copies which can be presumed to reach the Soviet public has become so small as not to justify a continuation of this effort of the Government of the United States to supply Soviet readers with a true picture of American life and thus to promote understanding between the two peoples. In view of the evident unwillingness of the Soviet Government to reciprocate the privileges granted by the Government of the United States to Soviet publications, the Soviet Government is requested to suspend immediately the publication and distribution in the United States of the U.S.S.R. Information Bulletin and supplements thereto. The distribution in the United States by the Soviet Embassy in Washington of pamphlets published at the expense of the Soviet Government or its organs should also be suspended.

The Government of the United States will consider resumption of the publication of "Amerika" at such time as the Soviet Government is willing to grant the magazine the same freedom of publication, distribution and sales which has been accorded Soviet publications in the United States and to grant to representatives of the United States Government facilities which would make it possible for them to verify the extent of distribution actually made.

1 Department of State Bulletin, July 28, 1952, p. 127. See also ibid., pp. 127132; ibid., June 18, 1951, pp. 985–986; and ibid., Aug. 18, 1952, pp. 263–264.

25. EAST-WEST TRADE CONTROLS: Statement by the Director of Mutual Security,' March 3, 1953 2

Communist-made weapons and munitions are now being used in the Korean war to commit aggression against the United Nations and to kill and wound men of the United Nations forces including soldiers of the Republic of Korea, [the] United States, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Australia, Greece, France, the Netherlands, [the] Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

Communist-made weapons and munitions are being used in the Indochinese war against the Vietnamese and French forces in a violent illegal action seeking to overthrow the established Government.

Under these circumstances every possible effort should be made to prevent strategic supplies from reaching the Soviet bloc. Much has been done by the free and sovereign nations, including the United States. Much more needs to be done. Much more will be done under President Eisenhower's new Administration.

Our increased efforts will include these measures:

(1) Special moves against what I call the "Triple C Men." These are the "Capitalist-Communist-Collaborators" who operate beyond the law and, in a greedy drive for profits, carry on an underground trade sending strategic materials into the Communist area.

(2) Peaceable but effective measures to stop the sly movement of ships carrying strategic materials on a transshipment basis from the West to the Communist area. Special attention will be given to ships originally built and owned by the United States and later sold to foreign nationals or registered under foreign flags.

(3) Cooperation with the appropriate investigating committees of the Congress to develop the facts and devise any remedies necessary. (4) Study and consultation with the Foreign Relations and Foreign Affairs Committees of any further legislative measures needed to carry out more effectively the intent of the Battle Act.3

(5) Appropriate participation in the negotiations conducted by the Department of State with other free nations for the more effective control of strategic materials and of shipping.

(6) Coordination with the Departments of State, Treasury, Defense, Commerce, and other Departments and Agencies in a combined program of pertinent administrative action.

(7) Appointment of Gen. William J. Donovan as special consultant in East-West trade control.

1 Harold E. Stassen.

2 Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 23, 1953, pp. 435–436. 3 Act of Oct. 26, 1951; infra, pp. 3101-3105.

26. ALLIED DISCUSSIONS REGARDING EAST-WEST TRADE: Statement by the Director of the Foreign Operations Administration,' March 31, 1954 2

Our conferences in London with representatives of the governments of the United Kingdom and France on the subject of East-West trade were successful and satisfactory. We reached an agreement. That in itself is important for in standing together there is great strength and essential security.

We agreed on the principles and on the procedure through which these principles would be applied in detail, in cooperation with other friendly countries, in the months ahead. Our agreement is in harmony with the Battle Act passed by the U.S. Congress and it is in accord with the security policies of President Eisenhower's administration. We do anticipate, compatible with security requirements, an expanded trade with the Soviet Union and with the Eastern European states in the export to them of peaceful goods in exchange for items and materials which the free world can use. The existing tight controls on trade with Communist China and North Korea will be maintained.

I will report the results of our conferences to President Eisenhower and to the Secretary of State.

A number of the technical staff including representatives of the Departments of State, Defense, Commerce, and the Foreign Operations Administration have remained in Europe to follow through the implementation of our agreement.

27. VISIT OF SOVIET STUDENT EDITORS: Statement by the Department of State, March 10, 1955 *

The State Department on March 10 authorized the American Embassy at Moscow to issue visas to 11 editors of Soviet student and youth newspapers for a 3-week visit to the United States. The Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs has indicated that these student editors desire to visit the United States in order to acquaint themselves with American student life.

The Department has asked the Institute of International Education, an organization with wide experience in the field of international student exchange, to undertake to make the necessary arrangements for the reception and itinerary of the 11 Soviet student editors. The Institute of International Education has agreed to respond affirmatively to the Department's request and will make all necessary arrangements for the trip directly with the Soviet student editors and the Soviet Government.

1 Harold E. Stassen.

Department of State Bulletin, Apr. 12, 1954, p. 563.

3 Act of Oct. 26, 1951; infra, pp. 3101-3105.

4

Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 21, 1955, p. 487; see also ibid., Apr. 25, 1955, p. 695.

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