Article II

1. Equipment, materials and supplies imported by or on behalf of the Government of the United States of America in connection with the construction, development, operation or maintenance of agreed installations and facilities and the official support of the United States Forces, civilian components, and their dependents shall be exempt from all duties, taxes, custom restrictions and inspections.

2. All removable facilities erected or constructed by or on behalf of the Government of the United States of America at its sole expense and all equipment, materials and supplies brought into Greece or purchased in Greece by or on behalf of the Government of the United States of America in connection with the construction, development, operation and maintenance of agreed installations and facilities will remain the property of the Government of the United States of America and may be removed from Greece. No such removal or disposition will be undertaken which will prejudice the mission of the NATO.

3. The United States of America will be compensated by the Greek Government for the residual value, if any, of the facilities acquired, developed and constructed at United States expense under the present Agreement and not removed or otherwise disposed of in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article, including those facilities developed or constructed jointly by United States and Greek funds, when such facilities or any part thereof are no longer needed by the military forces of the United States. The amount and manner of compensation shall be in accordance with agreements to be made between the appropriate authorities of the contracting parties. Negotiations as to the method for treating the residual value of these facilities will be without prejudice to agreements within the NATO.

Article III

For the implementation of this Agreement the provisions of Article I, paragraphs 3a and 3b of Legislative Decree 694 of May 7, 1948, and the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the United States and the Government of Greece dated February 4, 1953,1 shall be applied in accordance with terms mutually agreed.

2. The United States Armed Forces in Greece under this Agreement may also establish and continue to use or operate United States military post offices.

Article IV

The present Agreement will come into force from the date on which it is signed, and will remain in effect during the period of the validity of the North Atlantic Treaty.

DONE at Athens in duplicate, in the English and Greek languages, the two texts having equal authenticity, this 12th day of October, 1953.

1 TIAS 2775; 4 UST 166.

10. DEFENSE SUPPORT AID: Communiqué by the Governments of the United States and Turkey, June 5, 19541

The Governments of the United States and Turkey wish to express their mutual satisfaction as a result of the visit of Prime Minister Adnan Menderes to Washington. It has provided a valuable opportunity for the Turkish Prime Minister to discuss thoroughly with President Eisenhower, Secretary of State Dulles, Secretary of Defense Wilson, FOA Director Stassen, and other high ranking United States officials matters of common interest to the two countries.

During his visit the Prime Minister also met with members of Congress who are active in committees concerned with foreign affairs. In such meetings Mr. Menderes engaged in a frank exchange of views and opinions relative to the common goals and interests of our two countries.

Further, the visit afforded an occasion for the Prime Minister to place before the United States Government a clear and forceful statement of Turkish policy to act as a convinced and determined member of NATO, to develop closer political and military ties with other friendly nations in the free world, in and out of NATO, and to support the mutual efforts of the United States and other free nations to organize for world security.

The official visit has also provided another opportunity for the United States Government to reaffirm its recognition of the fact that Turkey has assumed a defense posture which includes a modernized armed force and which places a heavy strain upon the resources of its country and people and that substantial assistance from the United States and from other free nations who are in a position to render such assistance is necessary in order to permit the attainment of our common objectives for a collective defense. In this direction, the United States Government intends to continue to base its program of military assistance to the Republic of Turkey toward meeting the requirements of the NATO-approved Turkish force goals. In order to enable Turkey to meet the requirements of her armed forces under the above program during the coming year, the United States Government, subject to the action of Congress and a review of commitments and priorities, is disposed to increase its presently approved military assistance program. The United States Government is further prepared to accelerate deliveries of items in the present pipeline of roughly one-half billion dollars of military equipment presently appropriated and programmed for Turkey.

In recognition of the fact that the support and maintenance of a large defense force will place a strain upon the Turkish economy which it cannot presently bear without external assistance and in further recognition of the fact that it is in our common interest that Turkey be placed in a position where it can support the needs of its military establishment and its economy through its own resources in

1 Department of State Bulletin, June 14, 1954, pp. 912–913.

the shortest possible time, the United States Executive Branch has requested the Congress for funds which would permit the furnishing of economic assistance to Turkey during the coming fiscal year.1

Although it is impossible for the United States Government to make any commitments as to its intentions with respect to the furnishing of military or economic support assistance beyond Fiscal Year 1955, it has been agreed with the Republic of Turkey to continue the appraisal of Turkey's possible future needs and of the measures which may have to be taken by the Government of Turkey and the Government of the United States in the attainment of their common objectives.

Mutual Defense Assistance Arrangements
With Pakistan

11. COLLECTIVE SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: Statement by the Department of State, February 19, 1954 ?

The U. S. Government warmly welcomes the announced intention of the Governments of Turkey and Pakistan "to study methods of achieving closer friendly collaboration in the political, economic, and cultural spheres as well as of strengthening peace and security in their own interest as also in that of all peace-loving nations." This forward-looking step should provide increased assurances that these and other countries in the area will be able to maintain the independence they so highly prize. No nation standing alone can obtain adequate security at bearable cost. This principle has already been accepted and applied throughout most of the free nations of Europe, North and South America, and the Western Pacific.

The Secretary of State reported last spring on his return from a trip through the Near East and South Asia that he found certain countries of the area concerned at the dangers which threatened them and others in the free world. He also reported that he found some desire for a collective security system in the area, but emphasized that such a system should be designed and grow from within out of a sense of common destiny and common danger. It is evident that the proposal of these two Governments is of this character and constitutes a constructive step toward broadening the base of the collective strength of the free world.

1 See par. (C), (2), Sec. 105, of the Mutual Security Act of 1954; infra, p. 3109. ? Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 1, 1954, pp. 327–328.

This announcement by Turkey and Pakistan was made, Feb. 19, 1954. 'See supra, doc. 2.

12. DEFENSIVE PURPOSE OF UNITED STATES MILITARY AID: Message From the President of the United States to the Prime Minister of India, February 24, 1954 1

1

DEAR MR. PRIME MINISTER: I send you this personal message because I want you to know about my decision to extend military aid to Pakistan before it is public knowledge and also because I want you to know directly from me that this step does not in any way affect the friendship we feel for India. Quite the contrary. We will continually strive to strengthen the warm and enduring friendship between our two countries.

Our two Governments have agreed that our desires for peace are in accord. It has also been understood that if our interpretation of existing circumstances and our belief in how to achieve our goals differ, it is the right and duty of sovereign nations to make their own decisions. Having studied long and carefully the problem of opposing possible aggression in the Middle East, I believe that consultation between Pakistan and Turkey about security problems will serve the interests not only of Pakistan and Turkey but also of the whole free world.2 Improvement in Pakistan's defensive capability will also serve these interests and it is for this reason that our aid will be given. This Government's views on this subject are elaborated in a public statement I will release, a copy of which Ambassador Allen will give you.3

What we are proposing to do, and what Pakistan is agreeing to, is not directed in any way against India. And I am confirming publicly that if our aid to any country, including Pakistan, is misused and directed against another in aggression I will undertake immediately, in accordance with my constitutional authority, appropriate action both within and without the UN to thwart such aggression. I believe that the Pakistan-Turkey collaboration agreement which is being discussed is sound evidence of the defensive purposes which both countries have in mind.

I know that you and your Government are keenly aware of the need for economic progress as a prime requisite for stability and strength. This Government has extended assistance to India in recognition of this fact, and I am recommending to Congress a continuation of economic and technical aid for this reason. We also believe it in the interest of the free world that India have a strong military defense capability and have admired the effective way your Government has administered your military establishment. If your Government should conclude that circumstances require military aid of a type contemplated by our mutual security legislation, please be assured that your request would receive my most sympathetic consideration.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 15, 1954, pp. 400-401.

2 See statement of Feb. 19, 1954, by the Department of State; supra.

3 Infra.

See the agreement of Apr. 2, 1954; supra, pp. 1253–1256.

I regret that there has been such widespread and unfounded speculation on this subject. Now that the facts are known, I hope that the real import of our decision will be understood.

13. INCREASING THE DEFENSE POTENTIAL OF PAKISTAN: Statement by the President, February 25, 19541

On February 19th, Turkey and Pakistan announced their intention to study methods of achieving closer collaboration on various matters including means designed towards strengthening peace and security. This Government welcomed this move and called it a constructive step towards better ensuring the security of the whole area of the Middle East. The Government of Pakistan has now asked the United States to grant military assistance.

I have said repeatedly that regional groupings to ensure security against aggression constitute the most effective means to assure survival and progress. No nation can stand alone today. My report to the Congress on June 30, 1953 stated that we should strengthen efforts towards regional political, military and economic integration." I, therefore, under the authority granted by the Congress, am glad to comply with Pakistan's request, subject to the negotiation of the required MDAP agreement.

This Government has been gravely concerned over the weakness of defensive capabilities in the Middle East. It was for the purpose of helping to increase the defense potential in this area that Congress in its last session appropriated funds to be used to assist those nations in the area which desired such assistance, which would pledge their willingness to promote international peace and security within the framework of the United Nations, and which would take effective collective measures to prevent and remove threats to peace.3

Let me make it clear that we shall be guided by the stated purposes and requirements of the mutual security legislation. Those include specifically the provision that equipment, materials or services provided will be used solely to maintain the recipient country's internal security and for its legitimate self defense, or to permit it to participate in the defense of the area of which it is a part. Any recipient country also must undertake that it will not engage in any act of aggression against any other nation. These undertakings afford adequate assurance to all nations, regardless of their political orientation and whatever their international policies may be, that the arms the United States provides for the defense of the free world will in no way threaten their own security. I can say that if our aid to any country,

1 Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 15, 1954, p. 401.

2 See Report to Congress on the Mutual Security Program for the Six Months Ended June 30, 1953, p. 5.

See the Mutual Security Appropriation Act of 1954 (PL 218, 83d Cong., 1st sess., approved Aug. 7, 1953; 67 Stat. 478).

* See Sec. 202 of the Mutual Security Act of 1951 as amended; infra, p. 3063.