a joint use and occupancy of an agreed area by the two Governments, or by the United States of America and any nation with which the United Kingdom of Libya has a Treaty of Friendship and Alliance.1 The cost of maintenance of an agreed area which is used jointly by the two Governments, or by the United States of America and any other nation, shall be apportioned on the basis of usage, at rates and charges which are mutually satisfactory to the users.

(3) The Government of the United States of America may request the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya to permit the use of the agreed areas for training purposes by small groups of military personnel of countries other than the United States of America, such personnel to be at all times while in Libya under the United States auspices and control. The Government of the United Kingdom of Libya is prepared to examine all such requests expeditiously on a case by case basis and inform the Government of the United States of American of its decision.

ARTICLE VII

ACQUISITION OF LAND

(1) Except as otherwise agreed by the two Governments in accordance with paragraph (2) of this Article, the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya will make all acquisitions of land and other arrangements required to permit occupation and use of lands and interests in lands for the purposes of the present Agreement. The Government of the United States of America shall not be obliged to compensate any Libyan national or other person for the occupation or use of lands in which he has an interest and which are made available to the Government of the United States of America under the provisions of this paragraph, but it agrees to pay to the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya on behalf of such national or person annually an equitable rental for such occupation or use. The two Governments agree that once the equitable annual rental for such lands has been determined, the amount of that rental shall not be changed for the duration of the present Agreement without the consent of both Governments.

(2) Subject to agreement between the two Governments, the Government of the United States of America may rent lands or any interest in or relating to lands directly from private owners or make other arrangements with private owners as required to permit occupation and use of agreed areas in accordance with the provisions of the present Agreement. If satisfied that there is unreasonable refusal by a private owner, after he has received an offer of equitable compensation, to make available land or an interest in land necessary for the purpose of the present Agreement, the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya will take the necessary steps to ensure that such land or interest in land is made available.

1 Libya has Treaties of Friendship and Alliance with the United Kingdom (signed at Benghazi, July 29, 1953), France (signed at Tripoli, Aug. 10, 1955), and Italy (signed at Tripoli, Jan. 23, 1956).

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(3) The rentals paid by the Government of the United States of America on the date of the entry into force of this Agreement for the occupation and use of lands and interests in lands within the agreed areas shall be deemed to be the equitable rentals payable for such occupation or use.

(4) Lands or interests in lands occupied or used by the Government of the United States of America under the provisions of this Article shall be regarded as agreed areas for the purposes of the present Agreement.

(5) Compensation to private owners for damage arising out of the occupation and use of property, if not otherwise paid, shall be paid by the Government of the United States of America under the provisions of Article XIX.

ARTICLE VIII

MOVEMENT OF FORCES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND VEHICLES

(1) The Government of the United Kingdom of Libya grants to the United States forces and United States public vessels, aircraft, and vehicles, including armor, the right of free access and egress to and from the agreed areas and movement within and between the agreed areas, by land, air and sea, for the purposes of the present Agreement. The right shall include freedom from compulsory pilotage and all toll charges anywhere within Libya, including territorial waters. With a view to facilitating control of harbor traffic within Libyan port areas open to commerce, reasonable notice will be given to the appropriate port authorities of the arrival of a United States public vessel in any such port area. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to courtesy visits of United States Government vessels unrelated to the present Agreement. Such visits shall be governed by customary international practice.

(2) By agreement between the two Governments, United States forces and United States public vessels, aircraft and vehicles, including armor, shall have freedom of movement in other districts of Libya, including the territorial waters, in order to carry out the purposes of the present Agreement.

(3) Subject to such conditions (including conditions governing flight over towns) as may be agreed upon by the appropriate authorities of the two Governments, United States public aircraft may fly over any of the territory of Libya, including territorial waters. United States public aircraft shall not fly over areas prohibited by the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya to foreign aircraft in general, except as may be agreed. In an emergency United States public aircraft may land on and take off from any of the territory of Libya, including territorial waters, and, under such conditions as may be agreed upon by the appropriate authorities of the two Governments, United States public aircraft may use airports and other aviation facilities outside the agreed areas.

(4) In the exercise of the privileges described in this Article all

reasonable precautions will be taken by the Government of the United States of America to avoid damage to public facilities.

(5) The Government of the United States of America accepts the principle that military members of the United States forces should wear civilian clothes when in Benghazi and Tripoli in an off-duty status.

ARTICLE IX

ACCESS FACILITIES

The Government of the United States of America may, at its own expense, and in agreement with the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya, and without the right to claim compensation from that Government at any time, construct and maintain necessary roads and bridges, and improve and deepen harbors, channels, entrances and anchorages, affording access to the agreed areas.

ARTICLE X

VACATING AGREED AREAS

When the Government of the United States of America permanently vacates an agreed area, permanent constructions thereon shall not be removed and the Government of the United States of America shall not be entitled to any compensation for such constructions. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, all property constructed, installed, brought into or procured in Libya under or prior to the present Agreement by the Government of the United States of America shall remain its property and may be removed from Libya, free of any restrictions, or disposed of in Libya by the Government of the United States of America as agreed with the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya, at any time before the termination of the present Agreement or within a reasonable time thereafter. Any such property not so removed or so disposed of before the termination of the present Agreement or within a reasonable time thereafter will cease to be the property of the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya shall not be obligated to compensate the Government of the United States of America for such property.

ARTICLE XI

CONDITION OF AGREED AREAS UPON RELEASE

The Government of the United States of America is not obligated to turn over the agreed areas to the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya at the expiration of the present Agreement in the condition in which they were at the time of their occupation by the Government of the United States of America.

ARTICLE XII

OTHER OBLIGATIONS

The present Agreement is made in accordance with the principles laid down in the Charter of the United Nations and nothing in the Agreement shall be construed to conflict with the obligations assumed by the United States of America under that Charter, which obligations the United Kingdom of Libya also accepts pending its admission to the United Nations. Further, the two Governments declare that nothing in the present Agreement conflicts with or prejudices or is intended to conflict with or prejudice international obligations assumed by either Government under any other existing international agreements, conventions or treaties, including, in the case of the United Kingdom of Libya, the Covenant of the League of Arab States.2

ARTICLE XIII

MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PERSONNEL

The Government of the United Kingdom of Libya authorizes the Government of the United States of America to employ and supervise military and civilian personnel as required in connection with operations under the present Agreement.

ARTICLE XIV

SURVEYS

The Government of the United States of America may make engineering, topographic, hydrographic, coast and geodetic, and other technical surveys (including aerial photographs) in any part of Libya and the waters adjacent thereto. The Government of the United States of America shall notify the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya when any survey is to be made outside the agreed areas, and the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya may, if so desired, designate an official representative to be present when any survey is made outside the agreed areas. A sufficient number of copies with title and triangulation and other control data of any such survey shall be furnished to the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya.

ARTICLE XV

POST OFFICES

The Government of the United States of America may establish, maintain and operate United States post offices in the agreed areas for domestic use between United States post offices in the agreed areas and between such post offices and other United States post offices.

1 Libya was admitted to membership in the United Nations, Dec. 14, 1955, under the U. N. General Assembly's Res. 995 (X) of this date (supra, p. 337). 2 Supra, pp. 1243-1249.

Such post offices shall be for the exclusive use of the authorities, agencies and offices of the Government of the United States of America, the members of the United States forces and nationals of the United States of America holding an official position in Libya with the Government of the United States of America.

ARTICLE XVI

ENTRY AND DEPARTURE OF UNITED STATES FORCES

(1) The Government of the United States of America may bring into Libya members of the United States forces in connection with carrying out the purposes of the present Agreement.

(2) The laws of the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya shall not apply to prevent admission or departure into or from Libya of members of the United States forces. Passport and visa requirements shall not be applicable to military members of United States forces, but they shall be furnished with appropriate identification cards or tags and samples of such identification cards or tags shall be filed with the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya. Passport and visa requirements shall be applicable to non-military members of the United States forces.

(3) The Government of the United Kingdom of Libya shall exempt members of the United States forces from any laws providing for the registration and control of aliens. The Government of the United States of America shall take every step open to it to ensure the correct behavior of all members of the United States forces and will provide such information as the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya may require about the civilian members, as may appropriately be furnished, bearing in mind their status as members of the United States forces.

(4) If the status of any member of the United States forces brought into Libya by the Government of the United States of America is altered so that he would no longer be entitled to such admission, the Government of the United States of America shall notify the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya and shall, unless the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya permits him to remain, remove bim from Libya as soon as possible, and shall in the meantime prevent him from becoming a public responsibility of the United Kingdom of Libya.

(5) If the Government of the United Kingdom of Libya requests the removal of any member of the United States forces whose misconduct renders his presence in Libya undesirable, the Government of the United States of America shall remove him from Libya as soon as possible.

ARTICLE XVII

AGENCIES OF UNITED STATES FORCES

The Government of the United States of America may establish agencies in the agreed areas, including concessions such as sales