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unified, independent and democratic government in the sovereign State of Korea;

(c) All sections and representative bodies of the population of Korea, South and North, be invited to co-operate with the organs of the United Nations in the restoration of peace, in the holding of elections and in the establishment of a unified government;

(d) United Nations forces should not remain in any part of Korea otherwise than so far as necessary for achieving the objectives specified in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above;

(e) All necessary measures be taken to accomplish the economic rehabilitation of Korea;

2. Resolves that

(a) A Commission consisting of Australia, Chile, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey, to be known as the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea, be established to (i) assume the functions hitherto exercised by the present United Nations Commission on Korea; (ii) represent the United Nations in bringing about the establishment of a unified, independent and democratic government of all Korea; (iii) exercise such responsibilities in connexion with relief and rehabilitation in Korea as may be determined by the General Assembly after receiving the recommendations of the Economic and Social Council. The United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea should proceed to Korea and begin to carry out its functions as soon as possible;

(b) Pending the arrival in Korea of the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea, the governments of the States represented on the Commission should form an Interim Committee composed of representatives meeting at the seat of the United Nations to consult with and advise the United Nations Unified Command in the light of the above recommendations; the Interim Committee should begin to function immediately upon the approval of the present resolution by the General Assembly;

(c) The Commission shall render a report to the next regular session of the General Assembly and to any prior special session which might be called to consider the subject-matter of the present resolution, and shall render such interim reports as it may deem appropriate to the Secretary-General for transmission to Members;1

1 Concerning the activities of UNCURK, see Reports of the U.N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea for the periods (1) Oct. 7, 1950, to Sept. 1951 [U.N. General Assembly, Official Records, Sixth Session, Supplement No. 12 (A/1881)]; (2) Sept. 5, 1951, to Aug. 28, 1952 [ibid., Seventh Session, Supplement No. 14 (A/2187)]; (3) Aug. 27, 1952, to Aug. 14, 1953 [ibid., Eighth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/2441)]; (4) Aug. 14, 1953, to Aug. 17, 1954 [ibid., Ninth Session, Supplement No. 15 (A/2711)]; and (5) Aug. 17, 1954, to Sept. 7, 1955 [ibid., Tenth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/2947)].

For the General Assembly resolutions dealing with the above reports, see Res. 507 (VI) of Feb. 5, 1952, ibid., Sixth Session, Šupplement No. 20 (A/2119), p. 7; Res. 610 (VII) of Dec. 3, 1952, infra, doc. 62; no resolution concerning UNCURK's work was adopted at the eighth session of the General Assembly; Res. 811 (IX) of Dec. 11, 1954, infra, doc. 93; and Res. 910 (X) of Nov. 29, 1955, infra, doc. 94.

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The General Assembly furthermore,

Mindful of the fact that at the end of the present hostilities the task of rehabilitating the Korean economy will be of great magnitude,

3. Requests the Economic and Social Council, in consultation with the specialized agencies, to develop plans for relief and rehabilitation on the termination of hostilities and to report to the General Assembly within three weeks of the adoption of the present resolution by the General Assembly;

4. Also recommends the Economic and Social Council to expedite the study of long-term measures to promote the economic development and social progress of Korea, and meanwhile to draw the attention of the authorities which decide requests for technical assistance to the urgent and special necessity of affording such assistance to Korea;

5. Expresses its appreciation of the services rendered by the members of the United Nations Commission on Korea in the performance of their important and difficult task;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea with adequate staff and facilities, including technical advisers as required; and authorizes the Secretary-General to pay the expenses and per diem of a representative and alternate from each of the States members of the Commission.

24. SECOND CALL FOR THE SURRENDER OF THE NORTH KOREAN FORCES: Message From the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command, to the Commander-in-Chief, North Korean Forces, and to All North Koreans, October 9, 1950 1

1

In order that the decisions of the United Nations may be carried out with a minimum of further loss of life and destruction of property, I, as the United Nations Commander-in-Chief, for the last time call upon you and the forces under your command in whatever part of Korea situated, to lay down your arms and cease hostilities. And I call upon all north Koreans to cooperate fully with the United Nations in establishing a unified, independent and democratic government of Korea, assured that they will be treated justly and that the United Nations will act to relieve and rehabilitate all parts of a unified Korea. Unless immediate response is made by you in the name of the north Korean government, I shall at once proceed to take such military actions as may be necessary to enforce the decrees of the United Nations.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Nov. 13, 1950, p. 763. This message was transmitted by radio broadcast and by leaflets dropped from planes.

25. COORDINATION OF POLICY AND STRATEGY FOLLOWING THE INCHON LANDING: Statement by the President on Wake Island, October 15, 19501

I have met with General of the Army Douglas MacArthur for the purpose of getting first-hand information and ideas from him. I did not wish to take him away from the scene of action in Korea any longer than necessary, and, therefore, I came to meet him at Wake. Our conference has been highly satisfactory.

The very complete unanimity of view which prevailed enabled us to finish our discussions rapidly in order to meet General MacArthur's desire to return at the earliest possible moment. It was apparent that the excellent coordination which has existed between Washington and the field, to which General MacArthur paid tribute, greatly facilitated the discussion.

After I had talked with General MacArthur privately, we met together with our advisers. These joint talks were then followed by technical consultations in which the following participated:

General MacArthur and Ambassador John Muccio; Mr. Averell Harriman, Special Assistant to the President; Secretary of the Army Frank Pace; General of the Army Omar N. Bradley, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff; Admiral Arthur W. Radford, Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet; Assistant Secretary of State Dean Rusk; and Ambassador-at-large Philip C. Jessup.

Primarily, we talked about the problems in Korea which are General MacArthur's most pressing responsibilities. I asked him for information on the military aspects.

I got from him a clear picture of the heroism and high capacity of the United Nations forces under his command. We also discussed the steps necessary to bring peace and security to the area as rapidly as possible in accordance with the intent of the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly 2 and in order to get our armed forces. out of Korea as soon as their United Nations mission is completed..

We devoted a good deal of time to the major problem of peaceful reconstruction of Korea which the United Nations is facing and to the solution of which we intend to make the best contribution of which the United States is capable.

This is a challenging task which must be done properly if we are to achieve the peaceful goals for which the United Nations has been fighting.

The success which has attended the combined military effort must be supplemented by both spiritual and material rehabilitation. It is essentially a task of helping the Koreans to do a job which they can do for themselves better than anyone else can do it for them.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 23, 1950, pp. 643-644.

2 Res. 376 (V) of Oct. 7, 1950; supra, doc. 23.

The United Nations can, however, render essential help with supplies and technical advice as well as with the vital problem of rebuilding their educational system.

Meanwhile, I can say I was greatly impressed with what General MacArthur and Ambassador Muccio told me about what has already been done and is now being done to bring order out of chaos and to restore to the Korean people the chance for a good life in peace.

For example, the main rail line from Inchon to Suwon was opened to rail traffic in less than 10 days after the Inchon landing. The rail line from Pusan to the west bank of the Han River opposite Seoul was open to one-way rail traffic about October 8. Bridge and highway reconstruction is progressing rapidly. Power and the water supply in Seoul were reestablished within a week after the reentry into the capital.

General MacArthur paid a particularly fine tribute to the service being rendered in Korea by Ambassador Muccio.

I asked General MacArthur also to explain at first hand his views on the future of Japan with which I was already generally familiar through his written reports. As already announced, we are moving forward with preliminary negotiations for a peace treaty to which Japan is entitled.

General MacArthur and I look forward with confidence to a new Japan which will be both peaceful and prosperous.

I also asked General MacArthur to tell me his ideas on the ways in which the United States can most effectively promote its policies of assisting the United Nations to promote and maintain international peace and security throughout the Pacific area.

On all these matters, I have found our talks most helpful and I am very glad to have had this chance to talk them over with one of America's great soldier-statesmen, who is also now serving in the unique position of the first Commander in Chief of United Nations peace

forces.

We are fully aware of the dangers which lie ahead, but we are confident that we can surmount these dangers with three assets which we have:

first, unqualified devotion to peace;

second, unity with our fellow peace-loving members of the United Nations;

third, our determination and growing strength.

C. CHINESE COMMUNIST INTERVENTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES, NOVEMBER 1950-JUNE 1951

26. PRESENCE OF CHINESE COMMUNIST FORCES IN NORTH KOREA: Special Report of the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command, November 5, 19501

I herewith submit a special report of the United Nations Command operations in Korea which I believe should be brought to the attention of the United Nations.

Introduction:

The United Nations Forces in Korea are continuing their drive to the north and their efforts to destroy further the effectiveness of the enemy as a fighting force are proving successful. However, presently in certain areas of Korea, the United Nations Forces are meeting a new foe. It is apparent to our fighting forces, and our intelligence agencies have confirmed the fact, that the United Nations are presently in hostile contact with Chinese Communist military units deployed for action against the forces of the United Command. The fact of intervention:

Hereafter, in summary form, are confirmed intelligence reports substantiating the fact that forces other than Korean are resisting our efforts to carry out the resolutions of the United Nations:

A. 22 August: Approximately 50 bursts heavy anti-aircraft fire from Manchurian side of Yalu River against RB-29 flying at 7000 feet over Korea in the vicinity of the Sui-Ho reservoir; damage, none; time 1600 K; weather, 10 miles visibility, high broken clouds.

B. 24 August: Approximately 40 bursts heavy anti-aircraft fire from Manchurian side of Yalu River against RB-29 flying at 10,000 feet over Korea in the vicinity of Sinuiju; damage, none, time 1500K; weather, 20 miles visibility.

C. 15 October: Anti-aircraft fire from the Manchurian side of Yalu River against a flight of 4 F-51's flying near the Sinuiju airfield on the Korean side of the river; damage, 1 aircraft total loss; time, 14451; weather, overcast at 8000 feet; 8 to 10 miles visibility.

D. 16 October: The 370th Regiment of the 124th Division of the Chinese Communist 42nd Army, consisting of approximately 2,500 troops, crossed the Yalu River (Korean border) at Wan Po Jin, and proceeded to the area of Chosen and Fusen Dams in North Korea where they came in contact with UN forces approximately 40 miles north of Hamhung.

E. 17 October: Approximately 15 bursts heavy anti-aircraft fire from Manchurian side of Yalu River against RB-29 flying at 10,000 feet over Korea in the vicinity of Sinuiju; damage, none; time 12001; weather, 8 miles visibility, low clouds 2,300 feet.

1 U.N. doc. S/1884, Nov. 6, 1950.

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