on 19 March 1954. This was the fifth time that the Czech and Polish members of the NNSC refused to participate in the performance of their duties as members of the NNSC, in accordance with the provisions of the Armistice Agreement.

7. Reliable information available to the UNC shows that the KPA and CPV have introduced operating combat aircraft into the territory under the military control of the KPA and the CPV, and are introducing combat equipment in such a manner as to by-passand evade the NNITS [Neutral Nations Inspection Teams] at the ports of entry in the territory under the military control of the KPA and the CPV, all of which acts are deliberate violations of the Armistice Agreement. Although the Senior Member of the UNC, MAC, has requested that investigation of these violations be accomplished by the NNSC, the Senior Member of the KPA and CPV, MAC, has stated that no such inspection could ever be permitted since the KPA and CPV have not violated the agreement. The Senior Member of the KPA and CPV, MAC, as the representative of his commanders, has clearly violated that portion of para 17 of the Armistice Agreement which states:

The Commanders of the opposing sides shall establish within their respective commands all measures and procedures necessary to insure complete compliance with all of the provisions hereof by all elements of their commands. They shall actively cooperate with one another and with the Military Armistice Commission and the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in requiring observance of both the letter and the spirit of all of the provisions of this Armistice Agreement

8. The UNC has made every effort to facilitate the operations of the NNSC in the territory under the military control of the UNC and has in good faith complied with the letter and spirit of the Armistice Agreement. The NNITs have been given maximum freedom to inspect incoming and outgoing equipment according to the agreement. The NNITs have been given access to documents listing combat materiel and military personnel introduced into and evacuated from the territory under the military control of the UNC. With the aid of these documents they have been able to accomplish their supervisory duties quickly and efficiently. At airfields the teams received information on all arrivals and departures of aircraft including approximate flight appointment times, type of aircraft, and flight numbers. The teams have been allowed to board cargo aircraft to accomplish their inspections and inspections have been carried out daily. The UNC has always willingly and freely complied with requests of the NNITs for additional information. The UNC, in its desire to carry out both the spirit and letter of the Armistice Agreement, has allowed the above mentioned freedom to the NNITs in spite of the fact that it has been obvious from the first that the Polish and Czech members of the NNITs have been utilizing this very freedom for the purpose of taking advantage of administrative errors and technical discrepancies to charge the UNC with deliberate efforts to violate the Armistice Agreement. If the UNC had intended to violate the Armistice Agreement it would have followed the system used in the territory under the military control of the KPA and CPV. In that territory the NNITs have been

so restricted and handicapped by the established procedures that they have been unable to report or investigate any possible violations of the Armistice. Since the Czech and Polish members of the NNSC have subscribed to and supported the views of the Senior Member, KPA and CPV, MAC, before making proper investigations of violations to the Armistice Agreement, as requested by the Senior Member of the UNC, MAC, it appears clear that the NNSC has been paralyzed to such a degree that it cannot carry out its pledged obligations as outlined under the terms of the Armistice Agreement. The acceptance of the KPA and CPV views of the letters of 19 January, 27 January, and 12 February, respectively, by the members from Poland and Czechoslovakia, without consideration of the evidence submitted by the UNC, serves to prevent other investigations for substantiated charges of violations of the Armistice Agreement committed by the KPA and CPV.

9. It is obvious that the exercise of the full responsibilities of the NNSC is confined to the area of the UNC. In the territory under the military control of the KPA and the CPV, the NNSC has been unable to conduct investigations as provided for in the Armistice Agreement. The Czech and Polish members of the NNSC, and the Senior Member of the KPA and the CPV, MAC, have obstructed the work of the NNSC to date, and their recent statements appear to preclude the NNSC from ever performing all of its pledged obligations in the future. In view of the outright repudiation by the KPA and CPV of this portion of the Armistice Agreement, and the inability of the NNSĈ to carry out the obligations charged to it by the same agreement, the UNC considers that its rights as a signatory to the Armistice Agreement have been denied it. There is to date no indication that the NNSC either can or will fulfill, in the area under the military control of the KPA and CPV, the full obligations which its members undertook by accepting office on the NNSČ. Neither has the NNSC acknowledged the fact that in prohibiting inspections lawfully requested by the UNC the KPA and CPV have in effect unilaterally abrogated that part of the Armistice Agreement applicable to the functions of the NNSC in the territory under the military control of the KPA and CPV.

108. REQUEST FOR INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATIONS OF THE KOREAN ARMISTICE AGREEMENT: Letter From the Representative of the United Nations Command on the Military Armistice Commission to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, February 21, 1955 1

1

1. The United Nations Command charges that the Korean Peoples Army and Chinese Peoples Volunteers have between the dates of 27 July 1953 and 5 February 1955 introduced into the territory under the military control of their side combat aircraft of the MIG type,

1 Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 14, 1955, pp. 428-429; see also ibid., pp. 426-428.

arms, and ammunition therefor, in excess of combat aircraft of the MIG type, arms, and ammunition therefor in the territory under the military control of the Korean Peoples Army and Chinese Peoples Volunteers side on 27 July 1953, and have failed to report them in the prescribed manner and form to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, in violation of paragraph 13d and other provisions of the Armistice Agreement. Furthermore, the United Nations Command reports and charges that the above indicated violations occurred at the air installations at: 40° 09' North, 124° 30′ East in the vicinity of Uiju, 39° 57' North, 125° 13′ East in the vicinity of Namsi, 39° 54' North, 125° 30′ East in the vicinity of Taechon, 39° 01' North, 125° 50′ East in the vicinity of Pyongyang East (Mirim-Ni), 39° 12' North, 125° 40' East in the vicinity of Sunan, 39° 24' North, 125° 55′ East in the vicinity of Pyong-Ni, all in the territory under the military control of the Korean Peoples Army and Chinese Peoples Volunteers side.

2. Therefore in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 28 of the Armistice Agreement, I, as Senior Member of the United Nations Command component of the Military Armistice Commission, request that the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission dispatch three mobile Neutral Nations inspection teams to the places indicated above, outside the demilitarized zone, to conduct special observations and inspections under the provisions of paragraphs 41, 42c and 42f of the Armistice Agreement of the illegal introduction of combat aircraft of the MIG type, arms, and ammunition therefor by the Korean Peoples Army and Chinese Peoples Volunteers into the territory under their military control, between the dates 27 July 1953 and 5 February 1955, in excess of those items which were in the territory under the military control of the Korean Peoples Army and Chinese Peoples Volunteers on 27 July 1953 in violation of paragraph 13d of the Armistice Agreement, and a failure to report the same to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice Agreement.

3. The United Nations Command is prepared to present photographs and other evidence in support of the above indicated charges.

109. TERMINATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NEUTRAL NATIONS SUPERVISORY COMMISSION: Aide-Mémoire From the Department of State to the Swedish Embassy at Washington, March 2, 19551

Reference is made to the Aide-Mémoire of the Embassy of Sweden (Legation of Switzerland) of January 27, 19552 concerning the desire of the Swedish (Swiss) Government that consideration be given to the termination of the activities of the Neutral Nations Supervisory

1 Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 14, 1955, p. 429. An identical aide-mémoire was also given to the Swiss Minister in Washington.

2 Not printed.

Commission, or, failing that, to agreement by the signatories to the Korean Armistice Agreement to a solution comprising a sizeable reduction of the personnel of the four delegations to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission. In replying to these proposals, this Government has consulted with its Allies whose forces fought under the United Nations Command to repel the Communist aggression.

The Government of the United States appreciates the difficulties Sweden (Switzerland) is encountering in carrying out a task which the Swedish (Swiss) Government had undertaken on the understanding that the Commission would last for only a limited time. Furthermore, it is aware that obstructionist activities on the part of the Communist side have made it impossible for the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission to fulfill its responsibilities under the Armistice Agreement. The Government of the United States, therefore, agrees with the Government of Sweden (Switzerland) that the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission should be abolished.

It is understood, however, that the Chinese Communist reply to the Swedish Aide-Mémoire rejects the liquidation of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission which is the solution preferred by the Government of Sweden (Switzerland), but accepts in concept the less preferred alternative of a reduction in the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission personnel. Despite the current activities undertaken by the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission at the request of either the United Nations Command side or the Communist side, it is the view of the Government of the United States, primarily because of the consistent history of Communist obstruction, that it is doubtful that any useful purpose would be served by a continuation of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission.

The Government of the United States expresses the hope that the Government of Sweden (Switzerland) will conduct its further consultations on the problem on an urgent basis and awaits with interest the results of such consultation.

110. COMMUNIST VIOLATIONS OF THE KOREAN ARMISTICE AGREEMENT: Statement by the Senior United Nations Command Representative on the Military Armistice Commission,' July 5, 1955 2

A concept basic to the establishment and maintenance of the Armistice in Korea was that the balance which existed between the military forces of the opposing sides on July 27, 1953, would not be altered thereafter by the opposing commanders through the introduction of reinforcing military personnel or combat materiel. Provisions for implementing this basic concept were clearly spelled out in detail in paragraph 13 of the Armistice Agreement.

Shortly after the signing of the Armistice it became apparent to

1 Maj. Gen. Harlan C. Parks, USAF.

2 Department of State Bulletin, Aug. 1, 1955, pp. 191–196.

the United Nations Command that the Korean People's Army and the Chinese People's Volunteers were resorting to every possible subterfuge to avoid compliance with the provisions of paragraphs 13 (c) and (d) of the Armistice Agreement. Whereas the United Nations Command submitted its first combat materiel and personnel report as prescribed in paragraphs 13 (c) and (d) of the Armistice Agreement on 28 July 1953, the day following the signing of the Armistice, it was not until 12 September 1953 that your side submitted its first report of rotation personnel and not until 6 October 1953 that you submitted your first combat materiel report. Your first personnel report dated 12 September 1953 instead of reflecting actual arrivals and departures merely listed 964 departures and no arrivals for the 24-hour period of 15-16 September 1953. Apparently you would have the United Nations Command and Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission believe that from 28 July to 15 September, with a military force exceeding 1,200,000 men, the majority of whom came from Red China, not one soldier arrived or left Korea during that 7-week period. Your first combat materiel report of 6 October 1953 reflected an outgoing shipment of four 57 mm. anti-tank guns with 20 rounds of ammunition, and it was not until 9 February 1954 that you submitted your first legitimate combat materiel report reflecting an incoming shipment covering one 37 mm. AA gun. Again, you would apparently have us believe that you could logistically support your huge military force in war-torn and ravaged North Korea for the entire first 6 months of the Armistice without a single incoming shipment.

That the United Nations Command has continued scrupulously to comply with provisions of 13 (c) and (d) is reflected in the following figures taken from the official records covering the first year of the Armistice. From 27 July 1953, to 31 July 1954, the United Nations. Command submitted 370 personnel reports covering 287,343 permanent arrivals and 362,122 departures. During this same period the Korean People's Army and the Chinese People's Volunteers side submitted only 42 reports covering the ridiculous figures of 12,748 permanent arrivals and 31,201 departures.

The United Nations Command during this period submitted 1,057 combat materiel reports covering the movement of 9,717 combat aircraft, 1,034 armored vehicles, 194,385 weapons, and 386,828,087 rounds of ammunition.

The Korean People's Army and the Chinese People's Volunteer side, on the other hand, submitted only 24 combat materiel reports. covering the movement of zero combat aircraft, 14 armored vehicles, 1,848 weapons, and 746,500 rounds of ammunition.

The United Nations Command established a system and procedures to insure that all incoming and outgoing combat materiel and personnel were shipped only through designated ports of entry and took necessary measures to facilitate free and open inspections of these shipments by the Neutral Nations inspection teams. The Korean People's Army and the Chinese People's Volunteers, on the other hand, established no such system or procedures, failed to use your designated

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