render reports to the Government of the United States of America of the use which has been made of the information. These reports will contain pertinent information requested by the Government of the United States of America and will in particular contain a list of the persons possessing certain categories of information, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article II, and a list of the documents which have been transferred.

ARTICLE V

1. The Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty, other than the United States, will to the extent that they deem necessary, make available to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization information in the same categories as may be made available by the United States under Article I of this Agreement. Any such information will be supplied on the same or similar conditions as those which apply under this Agreement with respect to the United States.

ARTICLE VI

1. The Agreement shall enter into force upon notification to the United States by all Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty that they are bound by the terms of the Agreement.

2. If any other State becomes a Party to the North Atlantic Treaty no information made available to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization under this Agreement will be provided to any person who is a national of, or who is employed by, the new Party to the North Atlantic Treaty until the new Party has notified the Government of the United States of America that it is bound by the terms of this Agreement, and upon such notification, this Agreement will enter into force for the new Party.

3. The Government of the United States of America will inform all Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty of the entry into force of this Agreement under paragraph 1 of this Article and of each notification received under paragraph 2 of this Article.

4. This Agreement shall be valid as long as the North Atlantic Treaty is in force.

In witness whereof the undersigned Representatives have signed the present Agreement on behalf of their respective States, members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and on behalf of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Done at Paris this 22nd day of June 1955, in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authoritative, in a single original which shall be deposited in the Archives of the Government of the United States of America. The Government of the United States of America shall transmit certified copies thereof to all the signatory and acceding states.

SECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY ACT OF 1954 REFERRED TO IN THE AGREEMENT FOR CO-OPERATION REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATION

[Sections 11d, 11r, 11t, 142d, and 144b; not reproduced here, see text of the Act, supra.]

40. CIVIL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY: Agreement Between the Governments of the United States and the Turkish Republic, June 10, 19551

Whereas the peaceful uses of atomic energy hold great promise for all mankind; and

Whereas the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Turkish Republic desire to cooperate with each other in the development of such peaceful uses of atomic energy; and

Whereas there is well advanced the design and development of several types of research reactors (as defined in Article X of this Agreement); and

Whereas research reactors are useful in the production of research quantities of radioisotopes, in medical therapy and in numerous other research activities and at the same time are a means of affording valuable training and experience in nuclear science and engineering useful in the development of other peaceful uses of atomic energy including civilian nuclear power; and

Whereas the Government of the Turkish Republic desires to pursue a research and development program looking toward the realization of the peaceful and humanitarian uses of atomic energy and desires to obtain assistance from the Government of the United States of

1 TIAS 3320 (6 UST 2703); entered into force on date of signature. The agreement with Turkey is usually considered the "Master" agreement, being the first concluded under the "Atoms for Peace" program. As of the end of calendar year 1955 the United States had signed similar agreements with the following countries on the dates indicated: Argentina, July 29, 1955 (TIAS 3299; 6 USŤ 2537); Belgium, July 21, 1955 (TIAS 3301; 6 UST 2551); Brazil, Aug. 3, 1955 (TIAS 3303; 6 UST 2583); Canada, July 21, 1955 (TIAS 3304; 6 UST 2595); Chile, Aug. 8, 1955 (TIAS 3306; 6 UST 2611); China, July 18, 1955 (TIAS 3307; 6 UST 2617); Colombia, July 19, 1955 (TIAS 3308; 6 UST 2623); Denmark, July 25, 1955 (TIAS 3309; 6 UST 2629); Greece, Aug. 4, 1955 (TIAS 3310; 6 UST 2635); Israel, July 12, 1955 (TIAS 3311; 6 UST 2641); Italy, July 28, 1955 (TIAS 3312; 6 UST 2647); Japan, Nov. 14, 1955 (entered into force Dec. 27, 1955) (TIAS 3465; 6 UST 6119); Lebanon, July 18, 1955 (TIAS 3313; 6 UST 2653); Netherlands, July 18, 1955 (entered into force Dec. 30, 1955) (TIAS 3461; 6 UST 6097); Pakistan, Aug. 11, 1955 (TIAS 3315; 6 UST 2665); Philippines, July 27, 1955 (TIAS 3316; 6 UST 2671); Portugal, July 21, 1955 (TIAS 3317; 6 UST 2677); Spain, July 19, 1955 (TIAS 3318; 6 UST 2689); Switzerland, July 18, 1955 (TIAS 3319; 6 UST 2695); United Kingdom, June 15, 1955 (entered into force July 21, 1955) (TIAS 3321; 6 UST 2709); supplemental agreement with the United Kingdom, Nov. 3, 1955 (TIAS 3359; 6 UST 3079); and Venezuela, July 21, 1955 (TIAS 3323; 6 UST 2725). Except where otherwise indicated, these agreements entered into force on the date of signature.

America and United States industry with respect to this program; and

Whereas the Government of the United States of America, represented by the United States Atomic Energy Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Commission"), desires to assist the Government of the Turkish Republic in such a program;

The Parties therefore agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

Subject to the limitations of Article V, the parties hereto will exchange information in the following fields:

A. Design, construction and operation of research reactors and their use as research, development, and engineering tools and in medical therapy.

B. Health and safety problems related to the operation and use of research reactors.

C. The use of radioactive isotopes in physical and biological research, medical therapy, agriculture, and industry.

ARTICLE II

A. The Commission will lease to the Government of the Turkish Republic uranium enriched in the isotope U-235, subject to the terms and conditions provided herein, as may be required as initial and replacement fuel in the operation of research reactors which the Government of the Turkish Republic, in consultation with the Commission, decides to construct and as required in agreed experiments related thereto. Also, the Commission will lease to the Government of the Turkish Republic uranium enriched in the isotope U-235, subject to the terms and conditions provided herein, as may be required as initial and replacement fuel in the operation of such research reactors as the Government of the Turkish Republic may, in consultation with the Commission, decide to authorize private individuals or private organizations under its jurisdiction to construct and operate, provided the Government of the Turkish Republic shall at all times maintain sufficient control of the material and the operation of the reactor to enable the Government of the Turkish Republic to comply with the provisions of this Agreement and the applicable provisions of the lease arrangement.

B. The quantity of uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 transferred by the Commission into the custody of the Government of the Turkish Republic shall not at any time be in excess of six (6) kilograms of contained U-235 in uranium enriched up to a maximum of twenty percent (20%) U-235, unless the Commission shall specify that a greater quantity of such material may be transferred under this Agreement to the Government of the Turkish Republic or authorized persons under its jurisdiction.

C. When any fuel elements containing U-235 leased by the Commission require replacement, they shall be returned to the Commission and, except as may be agreed, the form and content of the

irradiated fuel elements shall not be altered after their removal from the reactor and prior to delivery to the Commission.

D. The lease of uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 under this Article shall be on such terms and conditions as may be mutually agreed and under the conditions stated in Articles VI and VII.

ARTICLE III

Subject to the availability of supply and as may be mutually agreed, the Commission will sell or lease through such means as it deems appropriate, to the Government of the Turkish Republic or authorized persons under its jurisdiction such reactor materials, other than special nuclear materials, as are not obtainable on the commercial market and which are required in the construction and operation of research reactors in Turkey. The sale or lease of these materials shall be on such terms as may be agreed.

ARTICLE IV

It is contemplated that, as provided in this Article, private individuals and private organizations in either the United States or Turkey may deal directly with private individuals and private organizations in the other country. Accordingly, with respect to the subjects of agreed exchange of information as provided in Article I, the Government of the United States will permit persons under its jurisdiction to transfer and export materials, including equipment and devices, to, and perform services for, the Government of the Turkish Republic and such persons under its jurisdiction as are authorized by the Government of the Turkish Republic to receive and possess such materials and utilize such services, subject to:

A. Limitations in Article V.

B. Applicable laws, regulations and license requirements of the Government of the United States, and the Government of the Turkish Republic.

ARTICLE V

Restricted Data shall not be communicated under this Agreement and no materials or equipment and devices shall be transferred and no services shall be furnished under this Agreement to the Government of the Turkish Republic or authorized persons under its jurisdiction if the transfer of any such materials or equipment and devices or the furnishing of any such services involves the communication of Restricted Data.

ARTICLE VI

A. The Government of the Turkish Republic agrees to maintain such safeguards as are necessary to assure that the uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 leased from the Commission shall be used solely for the purposes agreed in accordance with this Agreement and to assure the safekeeping of this material.

B. The Government of the Turkish Republic agrees to maintain such safeguards as are necessary to assure that all other reactor materials, including equipment and devices, purchased in the United States of America under this Agreement by the Government of the Turkish Republic or authorized persons under its jurisdiction, shall be used solely for the design, construction, and operation of research reactors which the Government of the Turkish Republic decides to construct and operate and for research in connection therewith, except as may otherwise be agreed.

C. In regard to research reactors constructed pursuant to this Agreement the Government of the Turkish Republic agrees to maintain records relating to power levels of operation and burnup of reactor fuels and to make annual reports to the Commission on these subjects. If the Commission requests, the Government of the Turkish Republic will permit Commission representatives to observe from time to time the condition and use of any leased material and to observe the performance of the reactor in which the material is used.

ARTICLE VII

Guaranties Prescribed by the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1954 1 The Government of the Turkish Republic guaranties that:

A. Safeguards provided in Article VI shall be maintained. B. No material, including equipment and devices, transferred to the Government of the Turkish Republic or authorized persons under its jurisdiction, pursuant to this Agreement, by lease, sale, or otherwise will be used for atomic weapons or for research on or development of atomic weapons or for any other military purposes, and that no such material, including equipment and devices, will be transferred to unauthorized persons or beyond the jurisdiction of the Government of the Turkish Republic except as the Commission may agree to such transfer to another nation and then only if in the opinion of the Commission such transfer falls within the scope of an agreement for cooperation between the United States and the other nation.

ARTICLE VIII

This Agreement shall enter into force on June 10, 1955 and remain in force until June 9, 1965, inclusively, and shall be subject to renewal as may be mutually agreed.

At the expiration of this Agreement or any extension thereof the Government of the Turkish Republic shall deliver to the United States all fuel elements containing reactor fuels leased by the Commission and any other fuel material leased by the Commission. Such fuel elements and such fuel materials shall be delivered to the Commission at a site in the United States designated by the Commission

1 Act of Aug. 30, 1954; supra, doc. 37.