i. Determine whether technical assistance may be given to a requesting country under the act and terminate, in consultation with the appropriate regional bureau insofar as country political affairs are involved, all or part of United States support for and participation in any technical cooperation program under the provisions of section 411 of the Act for International Development;

j. Consult with the International Development Advisory Board (IDAB) provided by the act and Executive Order 10159 and recommend the appointment by the Secretary of advisory committees in special fields of activity in consultation with interested offices and Federal agencies.

5. The regional bureaus shall:

a. Develop coordinated program plans for individual countries or groups of countries; assist in the development of detailed plans for individual projects; and review program proposals affecting their areas which originate in other sources;

b. Communicate and negotiate with foreign governments; review or advise with respect to the assignment of and generally supervise bilateral program personnel in the field; evaluate programs and projects within their regions; propose program changes; and review or advise with respect to the selection of, and give policy guidance and general support to, United States members of joint commissions. 6. The Bureau of United Nations Affairs shall:

a. Develop the United States position concerning the international organizational machinery to be used for technical cooperation activities and the relative contributions to be pledged by the United States and other countries to the special technical assistance accounts of international organizations; coordinate and conduct negotiations on such matters; and make recommendations for the payment of contributions to the special accounts of international organizations from funds allotted by the Technical Cooperation Administration;

b. Assure the development of the United States positions on the character, scope and priorities of technical cooperation programs for economic development to be undertaken by international organizations, on the amount to be allotted for United States contributions, and on program allocations among international organizations; and advise the Technical Cooperation Administration on the substance of such positions and on the termination of participation in multilateral programs under the provisions of section 411 of the act.

c. Arrange for direct contact on operating program matters between the United Nations (including the participating specialized agencies and regional commissions) and the Technical Cooperation Administration, and between intergovernmental and other United States agencies at the request of the Technical Cooperation Administration.

7. The existing division of responsibility between the Bureau of Inter-American Affairs and the Bureau of United Nations Affairs

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with regard to intergovernmental organizations of the other American Republics shall apply to matters arising under this announcement. 8. Subject to the responsibilities assigned to the Technical Cooperation Administration in paragraph 4, the following units of the Department shall have such responsibilities in dealing with the indicated international organizations in connection with technical cooperation matters as accord with their general responsibilities set forth in the Organization Manual:

a. The Office of Financial and Development Policy with respect to the International Bank and Monetary Fund;

b. The Office of Transport and Communications Policy with respect to the International Telecommunication Union, the International Civil Aviation Organization, and other international organizations concerned with transport and communications;

c. The UNESCO Relations Staff with respect to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

9. The offices in the economic area shall be responsible for the development of over-all economic policy in their respective specialized fields. These offices, and in particular the Investment and Economic Development Staff in the Office of Financial and Development Policy, shall advise on and coordinate with the Administrator on economic policy matters relating to underdeveloped areas and on the relationship of United States Government financial programs to technical cooperation programs, and shall maintain liaison with United States. and international agencies to facilitate the coordination of financial programs with the planning and operation of technical cooperation programs.

10. The Office of Educational Exchange shall:

a. Develop plans and procedures for, and facilitate the screening, selection, reception, placement, and orientation of foreign trainees; b. Coordinate Point 4 training with other United States Government training programs and activities;

c. Assure the adequate review and evaluation of training projects, develop means for maintaining contact with trainees following completion of their program, and perform other related functions as requested by the Administrator.

11. In accordance with the terms of Executive Order 10159, there is established the Interdepartmental Advisory Council on Technical Cooperation (TEC) effective on the date of its first meeting. The Administrator shall serve as Chairman of the Interdepartmental Advisory Council. The Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation and the Advisory Committee on Technical Assistance will be abolished effective on the date of the first meeting of the Interdepartmental Advisory Council.

12. Pending publication of appropriate revisions to the Organization Manual, section 041 of the Manual shall be considered an annex hereto.

D. THE MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM, 1951–1953

9. MUTUAL SECURITY ACT OF 1951, AS AMENDED BY THE MUTUAL SECURITY ACTS OF 1952 AND 1953: Public Law 165 (82d Congress, 1st Session), October 10, 1951; Amended by Public Law 400 (82d Congress, 2d Session), June 20, 1952, and Public Law 118 (83d Congress, 1st Session), July 16, 1953 (Excerpts) 1

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Mutual Security Act of 1951".

SEC. 2. (a) The Congress declares it to be the purpose of this Act to maintain the security and to promote the foreign policy of the United States by authorizing military, economic, and technical assistance to friendly countries to strengthen the mutual security and individual and collective defenses of the free world, to develop their resources in the interest of their security and independence and the national interest of the United States and to facilitate the effective participation of those countries in the United Nations system for collective security. The purposes of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended (22 U. S. C. 1571-1604), the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended (22 U. S. C. 1501-1522), and the Act for International Development (22 U. S. C. 1557) shall hereafter be deemed to include this purpose.

(b) The Congress welcomes the recent progress in political federation, military integration, and economic unification in Europe and reaffirms its belief in the necessity of further vigorous efforts toward these ends as a means of building strength, establishing security, and preserving peace in the North Atlantic area. In order to provide further encouragement to such efforts, the Congress believes it essential that this Act should be so administered as to support concrete measures for political federation, military integration, and economic unification. in Europe. Appropriations made pursuant to paragraphs 101 (a) (1), relating to military assistance, and 101 (a) (2), relating to defense support and economic assistance, of this Act may be used, pursuant

1 65 Stat. 373, 66 Stat. 141, and 67 Stat. 152 respectively; Mutual Security Legislation and Related Documents, Committee Print of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 83d Cong., 1st sess., December 1953, pp. 1-42. For the sake of brevity, certain footnotes in the Committee print text which do not relate specifically to the basic purposes of the acts are here deleted. The footnotes throughout this document are from the Committee print. Except for sections 11 (amending the Surplus Property Act of 1944, as amended) and 12 (authorizing appropriations for the U. N. International Children's Emergency Fund) of the Mutual Security Act of 1952, and sec. 710 (b) of the act of 1953 (repealing sec. 115 (k) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948), the acts of 1952 and 1953 consist of amendments to the Mutual Security Act of 1951, the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended, the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended,, and the Act for International Development.

2 This subsection was added by sec. 2 of the Mutual Security Act of 1952.

to the applicable terms and conditions of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended, and of section 503 of this Act, respectively, to furnish assistance (including, in the case of amounts available pursuant to paragraph 101 (a) (2), transfers of funds) to any of the following organizations: (A) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, (B) the European Coal and Steel Community, (C) the organization which may evolve from current international discussions concerning a European defense community.

TITLE I-EUROPE

SEC. 101 (a) In order to support the freedom of Europe through assistance which will further the carrying out of the plans for defense of the North Atlantic area, while at the same time maintaining the economic stability of the countries of the area so that they may meet their responsibilities for defense, and to further encourage the economic unification and the political federation of Europe, there are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1952 for carrying out the provisions and accomplishing the policies and purpose of this Act

(1) not to exceed $5,028,000,000 for assistance pursuant to the provisions of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended (22 U. S. C. 1571-1604), for countries which are parties to the North Atlantic Treaty, for Spain,' and for any country of Europe (other than a country covered by another title of this Act), which the President determines to be of direct importance to the defense of the North Atlantic area and whose increased ability to defend itself the President determines is important to the preservation of the peace and security of the North Atlantic area and to the security of the United States (any such determination to be reported forthwith to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and of the House of Representatives), and not to exceed $100,000,000 of such appropriation for any selected persons who are residing in or escapees from the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Albania, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, or the Communist-dominated or Communistoccupied areas of Germany and Austria, or any Communistdominated or Communist-occupied areas of Asia 2 and any other countries absorbed by the Soviet Union either to form such persons into elements of the military forces supporting the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or for other purposes, when it is determined by the President that such assistance will contribute to the defense of the North Atlantic area or to the security of the

1 The words "for Spain" were added by sec. 3 (a) of the Mutual Security Act

of 1952.

2 The words "or any Communist-dominated or Communist-occupied areas of Asia" were added by sec. 703 of the Mutual Security Act of 1953.

United States. In addition, unexpended balances of appropriations heretofore made for carrying out the purposes of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended, through assistance to any of the countries covered by this paragraph are hereby authorized to be continued available through June 30, 1952, and to be consolidated with the appropriation authorized by this paragraph. Section 408 (c) of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended (22 U. S. C. 1579), is hereby repealed. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1953 not to exceed $3,415,614,750, for assistance pursuant to the provisions of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended (22 U. S. C. 1571-1604) to countries eligible for assistance under this paragraph; and in addition unexpended balances of any appropriations heretofore made pursuant to this paragraph are authorized to be continued available for their original purposes through June 30, 1953, and to be consolidated with the appropriation hereby authorized.1

(2) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1953 not to exceed $1,282,433,000 to provide assistance to any country covered by paragraph (1) of this subsection and to any other country covered by section 503 of this Act in accordance with the provisions of such section; and in addition unexpended balances of appropriations heretofore made pursuant to this paragraph are authorized to be continued available for their original purposes through June 30, 1953, and to be consolidated with the appropriation hereby authorized. (b) 3 Not to exceed 10 per centum of the total of the appropriations made available under this section may be transferred, when deter

1 This last sentence was added by sec. 3 (b) of the Mutual Security Act of 1952. 2 This subsection was revised by sec. 3 (c) of the Mutual Security Act of 1952. It formerly read as follows: "(2) not to exceed $1,022,000,000 for assistance pursuant to the provisions of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended (22 U. S. C. §§ 1501-1522) (including assistance to further European military production), for any country of Europe covered by paragraph (1) of this subsection and for any other country covered by section 103 (a) of the said Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended. In addition, unexpended balances of appropriations heretofore made for carrying out the purposes of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended, are hereby authorized to be continued available through June 30, 1952, and to be consolidated with the appropriation authorized by this paragraph: Provided, That not to exceed $10,000,000 of the funds made available pursuant to this paragraph may be utilized to effectuate the principles set forth in section 115 (e) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended."

This subsection was revised by sec. 701 (a) of the Mutual Security Act of 1953. The changes made are shown as follows: "(b) Not to exceed 10 per centum of the total of the appropriations [granted pursuant to] made available under this section may be transferred, when determined by the President to be necessary for the purpose of this Act, between appropriations granted pursuant to either paragraph of subsection (a): [: Provided, That the amount herein authorized to be transferred shall be determined without reference to any balances of prior appropriations continued available pursuant to this section:] Provided [further], That, whenever the President makes any such determination, he shall forthwith notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and of the House of Representatives."