Senator SPARKMAN. Of course, we would like, any time there is any turn in events, or developments-we would like very much to know about it.

Secretary RUSK. It is entirely possible Mr. Gromyko may bring something along in his satchel that will require consultation with the committee while I am still over there.

Senator SPARKMAN. Let us hope he has something worthwhile.

AN ACCURATE MEASURING STICK

Senator WILEY. Where did you get your measuring stick to be so sure that we, in the 3 years, did not lose our pants, so to speak? People are disturbed about that 3-year limit.

Mr. FOSTER. The judgment of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Defense.

Senator SPARKMAN. We are going to have the Atomic Energy Commission representative before the subcommittee.

Senator Wiley. There is nothing they can put their fingers on, so they have a measuring stick that gives you this result.

Secretary RUSK. There are some extremely reliable and accurate measuring sticks that work in this field.

Senator WILEY. It is a serious matter. I certainly do not want to be in the situation that we had at Pearl Harbor. We were so positive there was nothing to it.

U.S. WAS REMISS IN BEING UNPREPARED

Senator GORE. I hesitate to keep you one more moment, but just a word of caution, lest we go too far on this charge that they tricked us.

We had specifically withdrawn from the moratorium-President Eisenhower did that. The Russians had entered into no concert with us not to prepare for tests or not to resume tests. I think we were remiss in not preparing ourselves to resume at a moments notice. You might get yourself caught coming back on a lawyer's argument there.

Secretary RUSK. Off the record, please. [Discussion off the record.]

DANGER OF CONTINUAL POSTPONEMENTS

Senator AIKEN. I have just come from the Atomic Energy Committee, having another briefing session-Mr. Foster's right-hand men and women. I got the impression in the short time I was there that there may be recommendations made to the President that he postpone the atmospheric tests, and perhaps postpone them again and again and again.

Secretary RUSK. You mean from executive department witnesses?

Senator AIKEN. I just got the impression there might be-Secretary RUSK. I alluded to that, Senator, earlier. In terms of our attitude, we are not going to link the resumption of testing with any vague concept of "progress" at Geneva. What the President said in his Friday speech was, "If you sign by mid-April, this

is one thing; if you do not, we test." I am sure that we are going to have proposals from various parts of the world.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. "If you sign by mid-April," that is the term that worries me. If they sign an implement by mid-April. Secretary RUSK. Mr. Foster pointed out

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I raised that question several times. The Russians will say, "Okay, we will sign this thing. Now let's sit down and talk about if for another two years." And that is the trap we could-I don't think we will-I think I have ample reliable assurance that we are not going to do that. But that is the consistent danger, and there is a great volume of influence around here to do that very thing. If they sign up, we go on and talk. I think that would be the most fatal thing we could possibly do.

U.S. NEGOTIATORS ARE NOT NAIVE

Senator WILEY. You have not changed your mind-you cannot trust them; is that it?

Secretary RUSK. I do not want to discourage my colleague on my left here, but I got my first inoculations in this disarmament field in 1945, 1946, and 1957. I feel this is where I came in about 15 years ago. We tried hard after World War II to get somewhere in this field. We were not able to do it, for reasons you gentlemen fully understand. But I think we are fully alert to the important point Senator Hickenlooper made, and I do not think we are going to be led down the garden path on this.

Senator SYMINGTON. May I respectfully say I was associated with you in a very minor way in this effort-with the Baruch Plan, when this Government offered a complete partnership, and they refused it and called it atomic blackmail.

COMMITTEE'S SCHEDULE

Senator SPARKMAN. Again, thank you very much.

Just a minute before we adjourn. Tuesday-I think Senator Fulbright will be back then-but there has been sent down the program for the Peace Corps. We consider that on Tuesday.

Senator AIKEN. Open hearings?

Mr. MARCY. Yes; Mr. Shriver will be up at 10 o'clock.

Senator SPARKMAN. That will be over in the new office building. Notices have already gone out to you this morning, but I just thought I would call your attention to it.

The committee stands adjourned.

[Whereupon, at 11:40 a.m. the committee adjourned.]

MINUTES

TUESDAY, MARCH 13, 1962

U.S. SENATE,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON African Affairs,

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS,

Washington, DC.

The subcommittee met in executive session at 9:40 a.m., in room 4219, New Senate Office Building.

Present: Senator Gore (subcommittee chairman), and Senators Dodd and Capehart. Senator Fulbright and Senator Carlson also attended.

The subcommittee discussed procedural questions in connection with future hearings on the Congo situation.

For record of the proceedings, see the official transcript. [The subcommittee then adjourned at 10 a.m.]

(310)

BRIEFING BY ATTORNEY GENERAL ON HIS

RECENT WORLD TRIP

[Editor's Note.-During the month of February, 1962, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy made a round-the-world goodwill tour, stopping in Japan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaya, South Vietnam, Thailand, Lebanon, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. As brother of the President, he drew much press and public attention, met with top government officials, and faced considerable heckling. On his return, Kennedy met with the President, Vice President and Secretary of State on February 28, to brief them on the trip, and then met with the Foreign Relations Committee.]

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 14, 1962

U.S. SENATE,

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS,
Washington, DC.

The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:30 a.m., in room F-53, U.S. Capitol Building, Hon. J. William Fulbright (chairman of the committee), presiding.

Present: Chairman Fulbright and Senators Sparkman, Mansfield, Morse, Symington, Aiken, and Capehart.

Also present: Senators Cooper of Kentucky, Smith of Massachusetts, Yarborough of Texas, Cannon of Nevada, Bush of Connecticut and Neuberger of Oregon.

Mr. Marcy of the committee staff.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order.

We are very pleased this morning to have the Attorney General who recently has had a very interesting experience abroad. We don't often have the privilege of having the Attorney General here. We don't deal with many legal problems, as you know, and we will be very pleased to have you.

We do have such things as the Connally amendment and the Genocide Convention and passport problems before us.

We followed with much interest your trip. Last year, as you know, the Vice President after his trip around the world, to various places, gave us the benefit of his experiences, and I thought it would be very useful to have anything that you wished to give the committee on the record.

The others will come in, I am sure, so just proceed in your own way, if you will.

STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT F. KENNEDY, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

Mr. KENNEDY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate your writing me and making this opportunity available to me.

48-688 0-86-11

I went to Japan for 6 days, stopped off in Hong Kong for a day and a half, went to Indonesia for about a week, and to Thailand, and then went to Berlin for a few days, and then for a day in the Hague.

I came back concentrating particularly on the Far East. I came back extremely encouraged with what I found. I spent a great deal of time with students and labor leaders and young people generally in both Japan and Indonesia. Although I found that all of these people have great questions about the United States and unbelievable misconceptions about what we are doing here in this country, how our system of government works and what our people are actually like, there is a very warm feeling toward this country and the American people by youngsters and by intellectuals.

Before I went, I think I had accepted the idea that the university students, the professors, and the intellectuals were anti-United States and perhaps pro-Communist. I don't think that is the situation at all. I think there is a great warmth toward our country, although there are all of these questions that they are waiting for

answers.

I think the crucial time is over the period of the next 10 years. I think there is a great potential there, but I think that it is a potential that has to be met. There is a great deal of work that needs to be done and a great deal of effort that needs to be made, but doesn't mean the expenditures of sums of money, but efforts in other areas which I would like to get into in a few moments.

VISIT TO JAPAN

I went to Japan originally, the President and I had visited Japan in 1951. He was a Congressman and he took his brother and his sister and we were pretty far down on the list, but we were met by an older Japanese man-I don't know how we came in contact with him originally-by the name of Mr. Hosono, who has always been very much interested in Japanese-American friendship.

He met us at the plane and took us under his wing and showed us around and corresponded with us continually. He found the captain of the destroyer that sank the famous PT boat 109 and evidenced an active interest in my brother so much that the President asked him to the inauguration and had him come up at the time. The CHAIRMAN. What was his name?

Mr. KENNEDY. H-o-s-o-n-o. He came by and spoke to me about coming to Japan and then he went to see Ambassador [Edwin] Reischauer, when Ambassador Reischauer was here in the springtime, and he spoke to me about coming, feeling that an effort in an informal manner made about some of the university students, with some of the labor leaders, by a representative of the United States could be very helpful.

The Attorney General of Indonesia came here to see me when he was here in the spring and he spoke to me about coming. He said, "Won't you come to Indonesia sometime?" And I said, “I would be glad to," figuring it would disappear, but he remembered it and he made a real effort, and we had never had anybody who has gone from the the executive branch of the Government to Indonesia.