author has endeavored to write them in as interesting a way as he could, and he expresses a hope that the reader will take as much pleasure in reading as the writer has in writing. The following by Carrie JacobsBond expresses the writer's thought in closing better than his own word:

1

"When you come to the end of a perfect day,
And you sit alone with your thought,
While the chimes ring out with a carol gay,
For the joy that the day has brought,

Do you think what the end of a perfect day

Can mean to a tired heart,

When the sun does down with a flaming ray,

And the dear friends have to part?

"Well, this is the end of a perfect day,

Near the end of a journey, too;

But it leaves a thought that is big and strong,

With a wish that is kind and true.

For mem'ry has painted this perfect day

With colors that never fade,

And we find, at the end of a perfect day,

The soul of a friend we've made."

1 Words and music by Carrie Jacobs-Bond. Written while sitting in a swing. in the court of the Mission Inn, after returning from a pilgrimage to Father Serra's cross on Rubidoux Mountain in 1909.

INTRODUCTION

The discovery of America by Columbus was one of the most important events in the history of the world. Improvements in the mariner's compass and in the science and art of navigation made the discovery possible. Spain being the original discoverer naturally was the first to colonize. England somewhat later proved a formidable rival to Spain. Mexico, which formerly embraced the Southern half of the North American Continent, was wholly Spanish. England took possession of Virginia, which originally embracing more territory, was the nucleus of what mey be termed the Southern States. The landing of the Pilgrims and Puritans at Plymouth Rock was the foundation of the New England States. Thus there might be said to have been three original settlements on the North American Continent.

The Spanish settlement under the authority and tutelage of the King of Spain and of the Roman Catholic Church had everything in its favor, but was not and has not been the success that it might have been under happier auspices. The Spanish Grandees with their large grants of land and with the Indians in a sort of peonage and a sort of Theocratic government, might have been supposed to be a great success as colonizers, but they have never been.

Although the Grandees themselves preserved in a measure the purity of the race, the rank and file of the colonists were soldiers with no, or but little, immigration of women of their own class, were ordered to marry Indian women and from them have arisen a large proportion of the mixed race that now peoples Mexico. Negro slavery never attained the prominence under Spanish rule that it did under British and American rule, but the Negro produced an admixture that further complicated the race question under Spanish and Mexican rule. Under Spanish and Mexican rule with large grants and the prevailing system of peonage and pastoral pursuits the Spanish Grandees had a golden time and opportunity for the enjoyment of life, and Bancroft the Historian, has well characterized this as the Golden Age in Spanish occupation.

Under the English colonization of America in Virginia, the system was represented by large grants of land by the Kings and at an early date by the importation of Negroes as slaves, supplemented by petty criminals from the old country, who served out their sentences on the plantation, where tobacco was the leading crop, to be supplemented later on by cotton. This was the Autocratic system, the result of which was the Master, the slave, and the "poor white trash." The results were shown in the Civil War from 1861 to 1865 and since to a greater or lesser degree.

On the other hand the Puritans and Pilgrim Fathers came for religious freedom and to found homes. They were to all intents and purposes both political and religious refugees. They were first driven. to take refuge in Holland, more on account of religious persecutions, and the very fact of claiming religious freedom was the best foundation for a lovel of civil and political liberty, and they were always foremost until the Declaration of Independence and after, in affirming their civil and religious rights.

It has indeed been said of the Pilgrim Fathers that they did not favor slavery because it was not profitable, but there were other causes that

led them to forego the possession of slaves. They came here to found homes and to cultivate the soil and to make a living by the sweat of their brow. They were mainly of the common people and not aristocrats in any sense of the word and the love of freedom was strongly ingrained in their very nature. It is true that during the formation and existance of the colony they were under the protection and government of England in the first place, and later on of the British government, but always they were self-assertive and rebellious as British subjects, culminating in the Boston "Tea-Party" and the Declaration of Independence.

Such were the three strains of blood that were instrumental in the formation of the United States as we find them today. The Spanish and Mexican elements paved the way for the greater civilization that was to follow. The Padres with the Missions subdued the Indian of the Pacific and laid a good foundation for the greater civilization that was to follow and showed some of the possibilities of the Pacific Coast. The South with its aristocrats and their slaves has done practically nothing toward settling up the great domain that was lying idle to be occupied by the people who have "come, seen and conquered," this great land with its future greater perhaps than the most optomistic can anticipate. But the Puritan is the one who has done something. He came to an inhospitable climate and a more or less infertile soil with natural obstacles in the shape of timbered lands to be cleared before the soil could be used, with hostile and warlike Indians to be subdued with many other obstacles to contend with, which by his indomitable energy have been overcome. Slowly but surely, he has pushed his way west under more favorable conditions, aided by sturdy emigrants from Britain and Northern Europe, impossible of accomplishment without the aid of steam and latterly of electricity. He has found himself finally on the fruitful shores and in the genial climate of the Pacific Coast,-the same man and the same race that landed on Plymouth Rock. The descendants of the Puritans and the Pilgrim Fathers took a new step, one that had never been taken before, and founded a new colony and a new system that had never been tried before, and settled on a dry plain under a hot sun, treeless and waterless, where he could sit under his vine and under his fig tree with none to make him afraid. These being the kind of men that founded Riverside, we begin to see the results that followed and the reason why, and what we have a reason to expect in future. Riverside was the first in point of time and it will be the endeavor in the following history of Riverside County to show in all things that mark progress that she still retains the lead.