Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist EuropeJohns Hopkins University Press, 1996年8月22日 - 504 頁 Since their classic volume The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes was published in 1978, Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan have increasingly focused on the questions of how, in the modern world, nondemocratic regimes can be eroded and democratic regimes crafted. In Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, they break new ground in numerous areas. They reconceptualize the major types of modern nondemocratic regimes and point out for each type the available paths to democratic transition and the tasks of democratic consolidation. They argue that, although "nation-state" and "democracy" often have conflicting logics, multiple and complementary political identities are feasible under a common roof of state-guaranteed rights. They also illustrate how, without an effective state, there can be neither effective citizenship nor successful privatization. Further, they provide criteria and evidence for politicians and scholars alike to distinguish between democratic consolidation and pseudo-democratization, and they present conceptually driven survey data for the fourteen countries studied. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation contains the first systematic comparative analysis of the process of democratic consolidation in southern Europe and the southern cone of South America, and it is the first book to ground post-Communist Europe within the literature of comparative politics and democratic theory. "This is an important volume by two major scholars on a central topic -- one of broad interest to people in comparative politics, to those interested in democracy, and to regional specialists on Southern Latin America and on Central and Eastern Europe. The book will unquestionably be a major contribution to the literature on constructing democratic governance." -- Abraham F. Lowenthal, University of Southern California |
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... example , Francis Fukuyama , " The End of History , ” National Interest 16 ( Summer 1989 ) : 3–18 . The return to power in Lithuania , Poland , and Hungary of reform communists as social democrats is but one example of how history can ...
... example , the frequent publications of the World Bank in the 1980s called the World Bank Debt Table . 3. For example , the World Bank has data on income distribution for forty - one countries . In this group Brazil has the highest ...
... example of this is that the army did not fire upon the Poznan strik- ers in June 1956.13 At other times the army played a key role in party struggles . Wiatr argues that " in October 1956 when the USSR tried to blackmail the Polish ...
內容
Democracy and Its Arenas | 3 |
Stateness Nationalism and Democratization | 16 |
Transition Paths and Consolidation Tasks | 55 |
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