January.

THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON THE

THIRD.

It would be foreign to the purpose of this work to enter upon a long and detailed history of the great life which ended at Camden Place, Chiselhurst, on the 9th January, 1873. Prince Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (to record merely the leading dates in his career), born at the Tuileries April 20, 1808, was the second son of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland from 1806 to 1810, by his Queen Hortense, daughter of the Empress Josephine, Napoleon I.'s first wife, whose first husband was the Viscomte de Beauharnais. After the overthrow of Napoleon I., in 1815, Hortense, then called Duchess de St. Leu, resided with her two sons in Switzerland and Germany; and in 1831, Prince Louis Napoleon and his elder brother having joined the Italian conspiracy of the Carbonari against the Papal Government, took part in the insurrection of Romagna, when the elder Prince died of a fever. By this and the death of his cousin, the Duke of Reichstadt, Prince Louis Napoleon became heir to the Bonapartist Imperial pretensions; and attempted, first, at Strasburg, in 1836, and secondly, at Boulogne, in 1840 (living, meanwhile, chiefly in London), to excite a mutiny of French soldiers in his favour, and was punished upon the former occasion by exile to America, and upon the latter by six years' imprisonment at Ham. In December, 1848, he was elected by universal suffrage President of the French Republic, which he converted,

after three years, into an absolute personal dictatorship-a despotism based on democracy-by his coup d'état and fresh appeal to the popular vote. His consort, the now widowed Empress, was a gentlewoman of mixed Spanish and Scottish descent, Mdlle. Eugénie de Montijo, created in Spain Countess de Teba, daughter of the Count de Montijo, a grandee of that kingdom, by a lady of the Kirkpatrick family. The marriage of the Emperor and Empress in Notre Dame Cathedral took place Jan. 30, 1853, and their only child, the Prince Imperial, was born March 16, 1856.

The Emperor's death was caused by the painful illness of stone, which had been undermining his constitution for years. But during the last few weeks the operation of lithotrity had been more than once performed with apparent success, and the general progress of the case had not only been satisfactory on the night preceding and on the morning of the Emperor's death, but even more so than on any previous day. Rest had been uninterrupted and sleep peaceful and natural. In the morning the Emperor awoke refreshed and apparently strong; he was able to rise from his bed, and was hopeful and well satisfied. The prospect of relief was at hand, and seemed more sure and nearer than there had on previous days been reason to anticipate. The Emperor was visited by his medical attendants during the morning, and there was nothing in his condition to excite any sort of apprehension. Arrangements were in progress for the administration of chloroform at noon, in order to complete by what might, it was hoped, prove a final proceeding, the removal of the last particles

of that which had been the cause of so inuch distress. The Empress had paid her morning visit to the Emperor, and throughout the whole illness her attention had been constant and her solicitude unceasing. Just before half-past ten Sir Henry Thompson and Mr. Clover passed into the chamber to pay a visit to the Emperor, when a sudden change was apparent. The pulse, which had been at eighty-four, rapidly fell; the action of the heart failed; there were signs of entire prostration. The Empress was instantly summoned, and came to the Emperor's bedside; but he did not appear to recognize her he was fast sinking, notwithstanding the small doses of brandy which were ordered to be given him, and which had produced a momentary reaction. The Empress at once ordered a telegraphic despatch to be sent to M. Fallon, at Woolwich, begging him to bring the young Prince Imperial to Chiselhurst at once; and then sent for Abbé Goddard, the parish priest of Chiselhurst.

The priest arrived a few moments afterwards, and administered the last sacrament to his Majesty. The Empress, the Duke de Bassano, Viscount Clary, Count Davillier, M. Piétri, and Madame Lebreton were kneeling by the bedside, and nothing could be heard in the room but the prayers of the priest and the sobbing of those present. The religious ceremony terminated, during which the Emperor appeared to give some signs of consciousness, the Empress approached the bedside and embraced the Emperor. The patient then made signs that he wished to give his last kiss to his wife, after which he made a slight movement, heaved two sighs, and expired. It wanted a quarter to eleven.

MISS BLAGDEN.

This month died at Florence a lady well known in the world of letters, Miss Isa Blagden, the authoress of " Agnes Tremorne," "The Cost of a Secret," "The Crown of a Life," and many brilliant papers in Fraser, the Cornhill, and All the Year Round. She was linked to Mr. Browning and his illustrious wife by the ties of the closest friendship. She nursed the poetess in her final illness, and performed the same loving office for Theodosia Trollope, to whose memory, as to that of Mrs. Browning, Florence has erected a commemorative tablet.

MISS DURANT.

Miss Durant, one of our best known

female sculptors, died this month in Paris. Deceased, who was of a respectable Devonshire family, was at first an amateur only, but afterwards adopted sculpture as a profession. One of her latest works was the carving of medallion portraits of the royal family on the Prince Consort's shrine in Wolsey's Chapel. Miss Durant was the instructress of the Princess Louise in sculpture.

MR. GRAVES, M.P.

Mr. S. R. Graves, the senior member of Parliament for Liverpool, expired suddenly at the Euston Hotel, shortly after four a.m. on January 18. He had dined the previous evening with the Duke of Sutherland at Stafford House, returned to his hotel shortly after midnight in apparent good health, and went to bed. At half-past three o'clock he rang up the night porter and complained of being unwell. Medical aid was summoned, and no serious consequences were at first apprehended. But while appliances were being prepared a paroxysm of faintuess supervened, and Mr. Graves died suddenly, in the presence of his friend, Mr. Beazley, of Liverpool, who had been summoned to his bedside. Mr. Graves, who was only in his 54th year, had filled all the public offices in Liverpool which are usually bestowed on prosperous and popular citizens. He was a large shipowner, and a director of various public companies. In private life he was universally esteemed. Mr. Graves was a native of New Ross, in Ireland. He was first elected for Liverpool in 1865. In politics. he was a Conservative. He was a somewhat strong Protestant, and warmly opposed to secular education. Death was caused by fatty degeneration of the heart, producing syncope, probably accelerated by a slight attack of indigestion.

DR. LUSHINGTON.

On the 19th of this month died the Right Hon. Stephen Lushington, D.C.L., formerly Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, and one of the Judicial Committee of Privy Council. He was in the 91st year of his age. He was born in 1782, being the second son of Sir Stephen Lushington, Bart., by a daughter of Mr. John Boldero, of Aspenden Hall, Herts. He was educated at Eton, and at All Souls' College, Oxford, where he gained a fellowship. He took his degree of M.A. in 1806, and that of D.C.L. in 1808. Having been called to the bar in

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the Inner Temple, he then entered Doctors' Commons and devoted himself to practice in the courts of civil and ecclesiastical law. But he soon obtained a seat in Parliament as M.P. for Yarmouth, having a private fortune of his own. was attached to the Whig party, and earnestly advocated the abolition of the slave-trade, as well as other Liberal measures. As one of the counsel for Queen Caroline, with Brougham and Denman, his forensic efforts gained him much renown. He was a zealous and consistent political reformer while in Parliament, where he represented, at different times, Yarmouth, Ilchester, Winchelsea, and other boroughs, previous to the passing of the Reform bill, when, in acknowledgment of his signal services, he was returned by the new constituency of the Tower Hamlets. He represented the Tower Hamlets for several years, until an Act was passed by which the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty (this appointment had been conferred on him in 1838) was disqualified, like the other judges, from sitting in the House of Commons. His first judicial promotion had been to the Consistory Court, in 1838; he was likewise Chancellor of the dioceses of London and Rochester, and held other minor appointments. The judicial character of Dr. Lushington will stand high amongst the standard authorities in his distinctive sphere.

LORD LYTTON.

Lord Lytton died unexpectedly, on January 18, at Torquay, his usual winter residence, having been seriously ill but for three days. Only a day or two before he had finished his last novel, "Kenelm Chillingley," and appeared as well as usual. An ailment of the ear, which had often given him trouble, suddenly became acute, and he died of the inflammation.

The late Right Hon. Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, Baron Lytton of Knebworth, county Hertford, in the peerage of the United Kingdom, and a baronet (creation 1838), was the third and youngest son of General William Earle Bulwer, of Woodalling and Heydon Hall, Norfolk, by Elizabeth Barbara Lytton, only daughter and heir of Mr. Richard Warburton Lytton, of Knebworth, Hertfordshire, who by royal licence in 1811 resumed her paternal surname of Lytton, and died in 1843. He was born in May, 1805, and, after his elementary education at several private schools, entered Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1826, and M.A. in 1835,

and while at that university he carried off the Chancellor's Prize Medal for his English poem on "Sculpture." He entered Parliament in 1831 for the borough of St. Ives, as a supporter of the Whigs, his brother Henry, the late Lord Dalling, representing Coventry in the same Parliament. At the general election in 1832 (the first Reform Parliament) he was elected, in conjunction with Mr. G. F. Heneage, for Lincoln, defeating Colonel Sibthorp by a majority of ninety-six. He continued member for that city up to the general election in 1841, when Colonel Sibthorp and Mr. W. Rickford Collett both headed the poll, the latter gentleman defeating Sir E. Bulwer-Lytton by a majority of thirty-eight. In July, 1852, he again entered the House of Commons as one of the members for Hertfordshire, and represented that county in successive Parliaments till his elevation to the peerage in 1866. During his early parliamentary career in the House of Commons he voted for the Reform Bill, and at the celebrated contest for Speaker he recorded his vote for the Right Hon. James Abercromby, and also voted in favour of the Irish Tithe Bill. On the formation of Lord Derby's Administration in 1858, Sir Edward was selected as Secretary of State for the Colonies, and was created a Privy Councillor; he remained in office till June, 1859. He continued to support the Conservative party in the House of Lords. As a parliamentary speaker Lord Lytton may be classed as one of the most finished orators of the day rather than as a frequent debater; he never rose to address either House of Parliament without gaining earnest and respectful attention from all political parties. The late Lord Lytton received the honorary degree of D.C.L. from Oxford in 1853, and he also received the same distinction from the University of Cambridge. He was twice elected Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow - namely, in 1856, and in November, 1858-an honour never bestowed on any other Englishman; only one Scotchman had received a similar distinction, namely, Thomas Campbell, the poet.

The late Lord Lytton married, August 29, 1827, Rosina, only surviving daughter of Mr. Francis Massey Wheeler, of Lizzard Connell, county Limerick, by whom he leaves issue an only son (who succeeds as second baron), Hon. Edward Robert, born November 8, 1831, and married in October, 1864, to Edith, second daughter of the late Hon. Edward Villiers, brother of the late Earl of Clarendon.

Lord Lytton was at heart an author, and his life is the life of a man of letters. At the age of 15 he made his first appearance in print with a volume, entitled " Ismael, an Oriental Tale: with other Poems." In 1826 he published a volume of miscellaneous poems for private circulation, entitled "Weeds and Wild Flowers:" in this, in a poetic narrative published about this time, "O'Neil; or, the Rebel," and in "Falkland," a highlycoloured tale of passion, subsequently suppressed, Byronic influence is very visible. In 1828 he produced "Pelham," his first well-known work; and close upon it the "Disowned." 6: Devereux" followed in 1829; in 1830, "Paul Clifford." In 1831 appeared "The Siamese Twins," a satire, but this had little success; and, turning to fiction again, Bulwer produced "Eugene Aram" and "Godolphin." He next, as editor of the New Monthly Magazine (a post in which the poet Campbell had preceded him), turned to criticism, and published in the serial a variety of essays, subsequently collected under the title of

The Student." Other novels, "The Pilgrims of the Rhine," "The Last Days of Pompeii," and "Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes," followed in quick succession. In 1834, when the King had abruptly dismissed the Whig Ministry, and Sir Robert Peel, then upon his vacation travels, was sent for from Rome to form a new Administration, Mr. Bulwer announced his pamphlet on "The Crisis," of which a single day exhausted the first edition, and fourteen days as many successive reprints. About the same time Bulwer's first play, the "Duchess de la Vallière," was produced, Macready acting the part of the Marquess de Bragelone. The play, however, did not take. Athens, its Rise and Fall," a fragment, the well-known "Ernest Maltravers," and "Alice, or the Mysteries," were the literary outcome of 1837.

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literature, Bulwer associating himself with Sir David Brewster and Dr. Dionysius Lardner in a scientific publication, the Monthly Chronicle, brought out by Messrs. Longman. It was not a success, and after a few months was discontinued. "Night and Morning" and "Zanoni" appeared in 1841 and 1842 respectively. In 1841 Sir Edward lost his seat in Parliament, and travelled in Germany. Here he took to German literature, and translated Schiller. Four years later, and his health seemed to show signs of yielding before his incessant labours. But he was restored by a sojourn at Malvern, his experiences at which seat of hydropathy he embodied in a sparkling volume, "The Confessions of a Water Patient." In 1847 appeared a brilliant series of metrical portraits embodied in the "New Timon" -a work in the favourite couplet of Pope and Dryden, and in their manner. this work it was that Tennyson was satirized as "school-miss Alfred," the poet retorting by describing Bulwer as a dandy-lion "who "shook a mane papillote," and "the padded man who wears the stays." Meanwhile "Harold" was struck off as a mere side work, while the principal objects of his attention were the poem of "King Arthur" (in which Bulwer took Tennyson's subject) and the immortal" Caxtons." In 1851 appeared

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the crown of the edifice," in the shape of "My Novel." In 1859 appeared in Blackwood's Magazine "What will He Do with It?" in 1862, " A Strange Story," betraying a sneaking kindness towards spiritualism; in 1866, another poem, the Lost Tales of Miletus;" in 186), a "Translation of Horace;" and in the same year, "Walpole; or, Every Man has his Price." A play, entitled "Not SO Bad as we Seem," was also written for a brilliant band of amateur actors, including Mark Lemon, John Forster, Douglas Jerrold, and Charles Not so Bad as we Seem " was jocularly criticized by Jerrold in a suggestion that it be re-christened "Not so Good as we Expected." "Walpole," the last of his dramas, was an experiment in literature-the form being rhymed Alexandrines, after the French type. Of late years his pen has been less active, and, till very recently, his health bad. Of late years, however, he has written (anonymously) "The Coming Race," and the 'Parisiaus," a set of papers in Blackwood's Magazine. These last he leaves unfinished.

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Reviewing the literary works of the late Lord Lytton, the Times says::-"The vigour, wit, and polish of St. Stephen's,' entitle him to high rank in the masculine

school of Dryden and Pope; "The Lost Tales of Miletus' have charmed scholars with their playful fancy, and the translations from Schiller have been vouched by Mr. Carlyle as the versions an English reader should consult who wishes to know the lyrics of the great German author. Those who are most familiar with Lord Lytton's essays are most fond of them, and are most persuaded that they have never received fit recognition. Certain it is, that among the earliest collected of his writings of this kind-The Student' -are some papers of singular power and beauty which have never been adequately appreciated. The author of The Lady of Lyons' was flattered by the preference of every actress on the stage for the part of Pauline; and the audience in the most fastidious of our theatres have welcomed 'Money' every night for more than six months past. The whole world knows his fame as an orator and novelist, and remembers the singular range of knowledge and experience upon which he built up his success. We are not poor in parliamentary oratory, yet veterans in the House of Commons confessed that Bulwer's speech on Lord Derby's Reform Bill in 1859 equalled anything they had ever heard at Westminster."

Communion. On the other hand, Mr. Baptist Noel considered that the Church of England, in her sacramental teaching, approached too near to the Church of Rome; he therefore declared himself a Dissenter. From that time he has been connected with the Baptist body; but he was always a warm supporter of most of the leading Evangelical societies, whose cause he has advocated on the platform. Among others, he took an active part in the City Mission. He was a voluminous writer. Besides a variety of sermons on special occasions, Mr. Noel published, in 1848, a volume explaining his grounds for relinquishing his position in the Church of England, under the title of an "Essay on the Union of Church and State." was also the author of an "Essay on the Duty of Englishmen towards the Hindoos," an "Essay on the External Act of Baptism," another on "American Freedom and Slavery," a "Comparison between Christianity and Unitarianism," "Notes of a Tour through Switzerland," and "Notes of a Tour through Ireland," the last two works bearing date many years ago.

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THE HON. AND REV. BAPTIST NOEL.

This well-known Evangelical clergyman, who died on the 19th, was highly esteemed by many religious persons, both in the Established Church and among the Nonconformists. The Hon. and Rev. Baptist Wriothesley Noel was brother to the first Earl of Gainsborough, being a younger son of the late Sir Gerard Noel Noel, of Exton Park, Rutlandshire, by his first wife, Diana, in her own right Baroness Barham, of Barham Court and of Teston, Kent. An elder son of Sir Gerardnamely, Sir Charles Noel, who succeeded his mother in the Barham peerage-was created Earl of Gainsborough in 1841. The subject of this memoir was born on July 16, 1798, so that he was in his 75th year at his death. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took the usual degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts. Having assumed holy orders, he became one of the Royal Chaplains and minister of St. John's Chapel, Bedford-row. There he drew together a very numerous audience of the upper classes. But in 1848 arose the celebrated" Gorham Case," which disturbed the Church of England and caused a few secessions of its clergy to the Roman

GENERAL SIR J. SCOTT, K.C.B.

General Sir John Scott, colonel of the 7th Hussars, while riding in Rotten-row on the afternoon of January 18, fell from his horse, which was going at a walking pace, and on being raised was found to be dying. This occurred immediately opposite Knightsbridge Barracks. The general was at once carried into the officers' quarters, and several medical men immediately attended, and pronounced that life was extinct. The late Sir John Scott was the only son of Mr. J. F. Scott, by Mary, daughter of Mr. John Serjeant, of Whitehaven, Cumberland. He was born in 1797, and married in 1829 Alicia, eldest daughter of the Rev. H. Forster Mills, Chancellor of York, and granddaughter of Archbishop Markham. After his rudimentary education at Chiswick he went to Westminster, and in May, 1815, entered the army, and shortly afterwards joined the forces under the Duke of Wellington in Paris. He was subsequently present with the French army, under Marshal Gerard, at the siege of Antwerp, in December, 1832, and, by permission of the marshal, he accompanied the troops upon every occasion during the siege. In October, 1838, he was appointed to the command of the cavalry of the Division of the Army of the Indus, as brigadier, served in that rank during the campaigns of 1838 and 1839 in Affghanistan, and