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Nicholas I. alienates France from England by the
Egyptian question-Mehemet Ali and Palmerston's con-
vention against him-Nicholas I. in England-The Pro-
tectorate of the Holy Land; breach between Russia and
France-Proposed partition of Turkey-War of Russia
and Turkey-The Vienna Note-Intervention of France
and England to save Turkey-Treaty of Paris; Russia
foiled-Correspondence between Palmerston and Aberdeen
as to the declaration of war-National feeling of England
secures the former's triumph-French motives in joining in
the war.
VI.
THE BLACK SEA CONFERENCE
French influence destroyed by the Franco-Prussian War—
Russia annuls the Black Sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris
-Condition of Europe prevents their enforcement by the
Powers-London Conference; Russia secures the Black
Sea; England's mistake-Alsace and Lorraine destroy the
balance of power.
Bulgarian atrocities-The Andrassy Note; England de-
stroys its effect--The Berlin Memorandum; England
opposes it-Russia prepares for a Turkish war-Conference
of Constantinople-New Turkish Constitution-Russo-
Turkish War-Treaty of San Stefano-Intervention of the
Powers -The Berlin Congress-Final treaty of peace.
166
174
VIII.
REMARKS ON TREATY OF BERLIN
The position of affairs-The Salisbury-Schouvaloff Memo-
randum and its disastrous effect on the negotiations at
. 197
Berlin-Russia's gain-England and Austria the guardians
of Turkey-Austria's vigorous and straightforward Balkan
policy-Thwarted in Servia but triumphant in Bulgaria→
Relations of Greece to Austria-Solution of the Crete
question-Neutrality of Belgium threatened-Importance
of Constantinople to Russia; the Anglo-Turkish Conven-
tion-England's feeble policy in Asia Minor-The ques-
tion of Egypt-A new route to India by railway from the
Mediterranean to Persian Gulf-England's relation to Con-
stantinople.
PAGE
IX.
CENTRAL ASIA
Rise of British power in India-Rivalry of France—Aims
of Napoleon-Russian influence in Central Asia-Its great
extension after the Crimean War--And after the Berlin
Congress-Possible points of attack on India-Constanti-
nople the real aim of Russia's Asiatic policy-Recent
Russian annexations and railways in Central Asia-Re-
action of Asiatic movements on the Balkan question-
Dangerous condition of Austria--Possible future Russian
advances in Asia-England's true policy the construction
of a speedy route to India by railway from the Mediter-
ranean to the Persian Gulf-Alliance of England, France,
Turkey, Austria, and Italy would effectively thwart
Russian schemes.
229
PART I.
JAPAN AND THE PACIFIC.