pointed to enforce the observance of the canons of the Church of England, and to examine into the state of the revenues; to deprive of their benefices all clergymen whose wives or children were recusants, above all to put a stop to the exercise of the Pope's jurisdiction in Ireland. Laud had no faith in commissions. "Where many are employed at once," he says, "there usually proves to be in some a fretting cankerworm of ambition, and that, for particular aims, makes such a decision as gives far greater impediment to the greatest affairs than any want of sufficiency can make. As to finding a body of men all able and none caring for any ends, so the King may be served, that is but a branch of Plato's commonwealth, that flourishes nowhere but in Utopia."* A Commission, however, was appointed by the King to examine into the condition of all alienated property. The worst cases were to be dealt with immediately. The Bishop of Killala attempted secretly to sell a lease of his lands. The attempt was discovered; he was called into the Deputy's presence and charged with "betraying his bishopric;" he was told that "he deserved to have his rochet pulled over his ears, and to be turned to a stipend of four nobles a year." He confessed his guilt, gave up the lease, and promised in future to promote the cause of the Church with all possible diligence.

Another and a far greater delinquent was Boyle, Earl of Cork. For several years he and his son-in-law, Lord Ely, had held the government of the country; he was still Lord Treasurer, the richest subject in the kingdom, the most respected for his sagacity and experience. He was one of "those sacrilegious lords who combined together to carry away the patrimony of the Church, and by that means to leave God's portion naked and desolate to posterity." By Wentworth's directions he was indicted before the High Court of Castle Chamber, Dublin, for procuring and keeping illegal possession of the College of Youghal and its revenues; the Earl's kinsmen, the Bishops of Cork and Waterford, were at the same time charged with aiding and abetting him in his evil purpose. The indictment set forth that he had, for £28, gotten possession of the College from William Jones, who held it for Sir Walter Raleigh; that he had prevailed on the Bishop of Cork to deliver up the seal, charter, and other records of the College to him, and had procured a deed of conveyance from him of the College and its revenues; that he himself used the College as a dwelling. By all which and other methods he still continued in possession of its revenues to the value of £800 a year, besides the advowsons and oblations of the churches. On receiving notice of this charge, the Earl, not being ready to meet it, pleaded his privilege as a peer of the realm, as the Parliament was sitting; the suit was therefore deferred until the next term. The issue of the proceedings was the Earl's submission to the Deputy's arbitration. He was condemned to pay £15,000 fine to the King for the profits of the College during thirty-six years. The College House

"Letter of Archbishop Laud to the Lord Deputy, I, 133.
+ "Letters," I. 171.

and some demesnes belonging to it were left to him; but the advowsons and patronages of the livings hitherto annexed to the foundation were taken into the hands of the Crown.*

Laud's joy was very great at the successful issue of the suit. "My Lord," he writes to Wentworth, "I did not take you to be so good a physician before as I now see you are; for the truth is, a great many church cormorants have fed so full upon it that they are fallen into a fever; and for that no physic is better than a vomit, if it be given in time. And therefore you have taken a very judicious course to administer one so early to my Lord of Cork. I hope it will do him good, though perchance he thinks not so. Go on, my Lord, I must say this is thorough indeed, and so is your physic too." It would seem that Boyle was not the only one who was forced to deliver up what he had taken from the Church, for Windebank, writing from London to the Deputy about the same time, says: "there never appeared a worse face under a cork upon a bottle, than your Lordship hath caused some to make in disgorging such Church livings as their zeal hath eaten up."

Though the Catholics were no longer persecuted with the same ardour as formerly,§ a strict watch was kept on them everywhere. Mr. Justice Cressy, when going on circuit to Wexford, had been told to inquire into the state of religion there. The judge's report must have given serious alarm to all who had the Protestant interest at heart. He found the people of that county-nearly all English planters, who a short time before had been most eager to profess their adhesion to the reformed religion-now become "principally Romish and Popish; having among them a Romish hierarchy of their own, bishops, vicars-general, and parochial priests." He felt himself bound in conscience to declare to the grand jury the fearful consequences that would ensue from their allegiance to the Pope. spoke to deaf ears, for there was not one Protestant among them. He tried to get hold of the Bishop; but his effort was in vain.|| An attempt was even made to convert the good judge: for he tells how a professor of law bade him look to himself, as he was far advanced in years and likely to lay his bones among them; he even offered to send a priest to confer with him on his spiritual interests, a proposal not at all to the judge's taste. The account given by Bedell, Bishop

But he

* "Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Youghal," by the Rev. S. Hayman, in Kilkenny Arch, Jour. IV. 20. Carte's "Life of Ormonde," I. 67. We purpose giving in another issue of this Magazine a detailed account of the Boyle family.

+"Letters," &c. I. 156.

Ibid, I. 161. An allusion to the "greybeards," or bottles with hideous bearded face fashioned upon the neck. They were also called "Bellarmines," in odium fidei, no doubt.-See Wilde's "Catalogue of Antiquities in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy.

Quieti vivimus in privato exercitio conscientiae ac ministerii nostri. Letter of the Bishop of Ferns to the Propaganda, Nov. 18th, 1633.-Spicileg. Ossor. 1. 190. The Bishop to whose zeal Judge Cressy attributes the bringing over of the Protestants to the true faith, was Dr. John Roche; he occupied the See of Ferns from 1626 to 1636.-See "Collections on Irish Church History," edited by the Rev. Dr. M'Carthy, II. 5.

"Letters," &c. I. 102.

of Kilmore, was not more cheering. He had been accused of trying to prevent any contribution being raised for the support of the army, and he would throw the blame off his own shoulders on the poor Papists. "I know," he writes to the Deputy, "that in this kingdom of his Majesty, the Pope hath another kingdom far greater in number and constantly guided and directed by the orders of the new Congregation (de Propaganda fide) lately erected at Rome, and by means of the Pope's nuncio residing at Brussels or Paris; that the Pope hath here a clergy, if I may guess by my own diocese, double in number to us, the heads of which are by corporal oath bound to him to maintain him and his regalities contra omnem hominem, and to execute his mandates to their utmost forces. I know that there is in this kingdom for the moulding of the people to the Pope's obedience a rabble of irregular regulars, commonly younger brothers of good houses . . . I know that his Holiness hath created a new University at Dublin to confront his Majesty's College there, and to breed up the youth of this kingdom to his devotion. . . I know and have given advertisement to the State that these regulars dare erect new friaries in the country since the dissolving of those in the city."*

(To be continued.)

D. M.

"A PAINFULLY ENGLISH IDIOM."+

A DIALOGUE.

Modern Tutor-I find, my young friend, a painfully English idiom in your Latin composition, "Liberalibus disciplinis excultus!" This is, I repeat, a painfully English idiom.

Hedge Schoolboy-Musha, thin, if that's English, it isn't much English of that kind we hear in Cork. Arrah, now, mightn't it be Latin too?

M. T.-The words are doubtless Latin; but the idiom I tell you is English, quite painfully so.

H. S.-Maybe now the idiom itself isn't so bad afther all. Didn't Tully himself call a man Excultus? Sure 'tis your rivirince yerself remimbers well that beautiful passage in Cicero in his book "De Claris Oratoribus": Caiusque Tuditanus cum omni vita atque victu excultus atque expolitus, tum ejus elegans est habitum etiam orationis genus.

M. T.-Your Cicero is very good; but your application of it is, I regret to say, unfortunate. Cicero did say of a man that he was

* Letter of Bedell to the Lord Deputy. If this letter was a true expression of Bedell's sentiments, it is hard to see why "the Romish cut-throats" showed him such affection or why one of those who assisted at his burial uttered the prayer: "Anima mea sit cum Bedello."-See Mant's "History of the Church of Ireland," I. 566.

See a review of the "Final Reliques of Father Prout" in the Academy for December 25, 1875.

excultus, but you have said of a man that he was Liberalibus disciplinis excultus; and it is this, I repeat, that is a painfully English idiom.

H. S.-Thrue for you, sir; so I did. Might I make so bould as to look at your dictionary there? White and Riddle's! Oh! see here! Undher Excolo; Ingenia discipliná exculta. In the Orator, xv. 481 And now I'll lave it to yerself. Isn't Ingenia disciplina exculta mighty like intirely what I said myself?

M. T. (smiling)-Unfortunately not. Cicero talks of Ingenia discipliná exculta, and he applies this epithet excultus to a man, and I cannot object to its having in one case as in the other discipliná as its complement. But I do object to its having Liberalibus disciplinis as its complement. This is painfully English.

H. S.-Arrah, is it the plural you're afraid of? Throth an' you needn't. Faix it's wan love an' liking the ould Romans had for Disciplina and Disciplinae, singular and plural. Little's the differ they made between them. Now of course in De Divinatione you'll find Disciplina et scientia Magorum. I don't know the exact place, but I'm sure you'll find it indicated nicely in Robertus Stephanus. But thin if you take up the very first of the Academicae Quaestiones, jist pass over the first chapter an' its three paragraphs, an' go on to the second chapter, an' afore you come into the second paragraph of that same second chapter you'll hit upon Artibus et disciplinis. Here's the very words, for I know more than that of the Academicals by heart myself: Sin a Graecorum artibus et disciplinis abhor erent. Aye, or go to the second book, De Finibus, chapter wan an' twenty. Afore you read three lines of the second paragraph there, an' that's paragraph sixtyeight of the book itself, I remember the number well, you'll find the words: Ab his philosophiam et omnes ingenuas disciplinas habemus.

M. T.-This is really too absurd. My young friend, you are confounding what should be most carefully distinguished. There is no doubt, whatever, that both Disciplina and Disciplinae are good Latin. But these words have primary and secondary senses. You will find them well defined in that admirable modern dictionary of White and Riddle which you have been so anxious to examine. The primary sense is Instruction, teaching; the secondary is the effect for the cause, All that is taught. In the first sense, the sense of Active Training, we find the word in the singular and joined to Excultus. In the second sense, the sense of Erudition, we find the word both in the singular and in the plural, and not joined to Excultus.

H. S.-Let me look at the book myself. Look here, in the first sense, Pueritiae disciplinae! Doesn't that look like a plural?

M. T. (laughing). That is unluckily a misquotation, surviving even in the third edition of this very valuable work. The true reading of the passage referred to, is, E ludo atque pueritiae discipliná.

H. S.-Thrue for you, an' so it is. I larned the passage by heart myself out of Wheeler's Anthon. But lave me the dictionary. Maybe I'll find out something better. Look here at Excolo. Here's Excultus doctriná given, and there's no mistake here. It's Tusc., 1, 2, 4. See now isn't that all right? Maybe there's something to be said against that. But we have in the "Archias," vi. 12: Animos

nostros doctrina excolamus. I know the passage. There, Doctrina has what you call the secondary sense of Disciplina. So you may safely use Excultus with aither the wan or the other.

M. T.-This is

H. S. (interrupting)-By yer lave, if you plaze, a moment more. As there's a mistake in this iligant dictionary, I'll thry if there mightn't be another. That's all right. And now-Oh, by the powdhers of war!

M. T.-Don't swear, please.

H. S.-I umbly beg yir rivirince's pardon, indeed. But the long and the short, and the up and the down, and the fact of the whole matter is this, that Tully didn't say Ingenia discipliná exculta at all, but Disciplinis. Oh, more power to you, Cicero, for a man of taste! It's you that knew well that sorra a hair the ould Romans cared which they got, singular or plural discipline, when there was question of Excultus. Here's Tully talking of Ingenia and saying that they are Disciplinis exculta. Here's the whole passage for yer rivirince: Nihil enim est feracius ingeniis, iis praesertim quae disciplinis exculta sunt. There it is for you in Cicero's "Orator," chapter xv.; or if you like to count by paragraphs, number 48. There you have Excultus disciplinis jist in the sense in which the same Cicero applies Excultus to Tuditanus. Disciplinis excultus applied to a man must be all right, yer rivirince. And now I'll engage the dictionary is not wrong as you say it is. I'll engage the dictionary men read in the Manilian: E ludo atque pueritiæ disciplinis, and quote the passage shortly as authority for Pueritiae disciplinae. I'll engage that's their way.

M. T. (looking serious).—This is all beside the point. There's no use in running on in this very unnecessary, very uncalled for, very unusual, I was almost going to say, very foolish way. It is the word Liberalibus that is wrong.

66

H. S.-Well now, that word's right any way. I'll make bould and jist peep again into yer iligant dictionary. Oh, now, look here! Just listen, agra! (reads). "Liberalis II. Meton:" here's "Artes liberales C. Inv.," aye, and doctrinae too. "Liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae. C. de Or. aye; and more, even de artificiis et quaestibus qui liberales habendi ;" aye, and “Liberalissimis studiis, C. Arch." Now, sure any adjective that suits Artes and Studia, Artificia and Doctrinae might pass for Disciplinae too. Sure Cicero used to string Artes and Disciplinae together like two cockleshells. Besides what I already said, we have in "Archias:" Italia plena Graecarum artium ac disciplinarum. And do you tell me that a man may put Liberalibus with Artibus, Studiis, Artificiis, Doctrinis, and not with Disciplinis?

M. T. (brightening up).--Precisely so. That's exactly my point. We find the adjective with the four first mentioned words, but not with the last. Here we find it a painfully English idiom.

H. S.-Begorra, after this I'll never put any adjective beside a noun, until I find that Tully did the same afore me. Ah, thin it's you that's the sharp an' able critic!

M. T.-My dear sir, scholarship is now-a-days acute and widespread, and, I will add, popular. Look at this number of the London