of the deep-sea bottom of the Gulf Stream. The French Academy of Sciences awarded him their prize, and offered him a scientific chair, which he declined, and he also received the cross of the Legion of Honour.

SIR J. COWEN, M.P.

Sir Joseph Cowen, the Radical member for Newcastle-on-Tyne, died at his seat, Stella Hall, Blaydon-on Tyne, on Dec. 19, in the 73rd year of his age. Sir Joseph Cowen belonged to the old Radical party, but he was held in high esteem by men of all parties for the singular consistency and purity of his political life. Sir Joseph Cowen served his time in his youth as a chainmaker in the factory of the firm of Sir Ambrose Crowley and Co., a great London house which had factories at Winlayton and Swalwell, on the Tyne, other great north-country coalowners and manufacturers as well as Sir Joseph having in their youth commenced life in Crowley's factory, which had a great reputation for turning out able men. He subsequently, however, joined his brother-in-law as a firebrick maker, and at the time of his death Sir Joseph was at the head of one of the largest firebrick and gas retort works in the kingdom, besides being concerned in coal mining and other extensive industrial enterprises. Sir Joseph Cowen will be best known as chairman of the River Tyne Improvement Commissioners. Under his presidency the Commissioners have completed a series of the most extensive river works in the kingdom. Without any assistance from the Government, except in the way of loans, Mr. Ure, their engineer, also made the Tyne a harbour of refuge, the only one between the Humber and Leith Roads. Hundreds of vessels seek its shelter every winter in gales of wind, which otherwise would be cast ashore and their crews drowned. The Government, in acknowledgment of Sir Joseph Cowen's twenty years' gratuitous services to the trade of the country as chairman of the River Tyne Commissioners, conferred the honour of knighthood upon him about three years ago.

GENERAL SIR P. E. CRAIGIE, K.C.B.

General Sir Patrick Edmonstone Craigie, K.C.B., who died on Dec. 13, at his residence, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, was the son of Mr. Laurence Craigie, by Margaret, daughter of Mr. John Hall Max

well, of Dargavel, Renfrewshire. He was educated at Glasgow School and College, and entered the army in 1813, being then in his 18th year. He had seen much active service during his career in the army. Sir Patrick served with the 2nd batt. 52nd Light Infantry in the campaign of 1813-14 in Holland, under Lord Lynedoch, including both attacks on the fortified village of Merxem, in the latter of which he led the advance party of MajorGeneral Sir Herbert Taylor's brigade; also in the subsequent bombardment of Antwerp. In May, 1841, he embarked at Calcutta, in command of the 55th Regt., for China, and served with the expeditionary force under Lord Gough till the end of the war, being senior field officer serving with the force in the field, and was consequently second in command from the period of its sailing from Hong Kong in August, and during the whole of the active operations which took place during the following five months. He commanded a brigade or column of attack at the assault and capture of the fortified cities of Amoy, Chusan (second capture), on which occasion it happened that the whole engagement of the land force devolved upon his brigade and Chinhae. Subsequently when the head-quarters of the force proceeded to Yang-tze-Kiang, he was appointed by Lord Gough to the responsible command of the Island of Chusan, which he held for eight months until the return of the force, after the treaty of peace had been signed at Nankin. For his conduct on the above occasions (as stated in Lord Gough's despatches) he was promoted to the rank of colonel, appointed an aide-de-camp to the Queen, and a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He was afterwards, in 1854, appointed to command a division of the Madras army, and during the Indian mutiny, in 1857, he commanded the Mysore division, which he retained till the fall of Delhi. On relinquishing his command at Madras, in 1860, he received the thanks of the Governor in Council, and also of the Commander-in-Chief, for his conduct at the above command. Sir Patrick was appointed colonel of the 31st Foot in 1859, and transferred to the 55th (Westmoreland) Regt. of Foot in June, 1862. In 1867 he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, in further recognition of his distinguished military services. The venerable general obtained his first commission as ensign June 3, 1813, and became general in Jan. 21, 1868. Sir Patrick was twice married, first, in 1827, to Bell, daughter of Mr. Henry Williams, of Falmouth (she died in 1833), and secondly, in 1838, to Mary

Jane, eldest daughter of General Trewman, of the Madras army, who died in 1870.

M. J. A. GALIGNANI.

The well-known Paris journal, Galignani's Messenger, announces the death of M. John Anthony Galignani, aged 77, the elder of the two brothers who many years back, by their talent, energy, and perseverance, raised the newspaper which bears their name to so high a point of prosperity. But it was not merely as an able journalist (says the Messenger) that the deceased gentleman was distinguished, for, possessing a warm heart and genial nature, he had soon collected around him an extensive circle of distinguished friends, and, extending the kindly feeling which animated him to suffering humanity, he founded near Paris that most useful establishment known as the "Galignani Hospital," intended specially for indigent English subjects; and, in addition, conjointly with his brother, defrayed the whole expense of building, in the vicinity of their country residence, the present large hospital of Corbeil, in a most healthy situation, and with extensive grounds attached. The deceased had, after the late war, retired into private life.

SIR R. A. GLASS.

Sir Richard Atwood Glass, Chairman of the Anglo-American Telegraph Company, died on the 22nd inst., at Moorlands, Bitterne, Southampton. He was born at Bradford, Wilts, in 1820, the son of Mr. Francis Glass, of that town, by his wife, Mary Canning, of Marlborough, and received his education at King's College, London. Largely engaged in wire-rope making, he supplied half the first Atlantic cable, and the whole of that employed in the cable of 1866, and was knighted for his services in connexion with that great international undertaking. From 1868 to 1869 he sat in Parliament for Bewdley. Sir Richard married, in 1854, Anne, daughter of Thomas Tanner, Esq.

VICE-ADMIRAL W. GORDON.

In the person of Vice-Admiral William Gordon we have lost one of the oldest naval officers, his services reaching back nearly seventy years. He entered the Royal Navy in 1804, and saw much active service. While still a boy, he shared as a midshipman on board the "Kingfisher" (Captain N. D. Cochrane)

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in the attack on San Domingo in 1806, and subsequently served under the flag of Lord Cochrane (the late Earl of Dundonald) in most of his brilliant operations on the Spanish coast while in command of the Impérieuse" in 1808-9. Having taken part in the unfortunate expedition to Walcheren, he attained the rank of lieutenant in 1812, and was actively employed on the Baltic, Home, and Mediterranean stations. He subsequently was engaged in the operations connected with the attack on New Orleans. Having obtained his second promotion in 1815, and having commanded the "Pandora" for about two years on the Newfoundland station, he was presented with a post commission in 1841, and soon afterwards went on half-pay. At his death he was a Vice-Admiral on the Retired List.

THE O'GRADY.

The head and chief of one of those ancient "septs" or clans of Ireland which claim a Milesian descent far more venerable and illustrious than that of any of the members of the Irish peerage, except, perhaps, the O'Briens, died this month at the age of 57. The late William de Courcy O'Grady, known in Ireland as "The O'Grady," was the eldest son of "The O'Grady," J.P. and D.L., and formerly High Sheriff of the county of Limerick, who died in 1862. He was born in the year 1816, and was educated at Winchester and at Trinity College, Dublin, where he took the usual degrees, and was called to the Irish Bar in 1810. He married, in 1841, Anne Grogan, daughter of Mr. Thomas De Rinzi, of Clobemon Hall, county Wexford, by whom he had, with other children, a son, Thomas De Courcy, born in 1844, who now becomes "The O'Grady." According to Sir Bernard Burke, the Milesian family of O'Grady is one of the most ancient in the far west of Ireland.

MR. MARK PHILIPS.

Mark Philips, Esq., of Snitterfield and Welcombe, in the county of Warwick, J.P. and D.L., High Sheriff in 1851, died, on the 23rd, at his seat, near Stratfordon-Avon. He was born, Nov. 4, 1800, the eldest son of the late Robert Philips, Esq., of the Park, near Manchester, by Anne, his wife, daughter of Matthew Needham, Esq., of Nottingham, and was grandson of Nathaniel Philips, Esq., of Stand, Prestwich, Lancashire, whose elder brother, John Philips, Esq., of the Heath House, in the county of Stafford, repre

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sented an old Staffordshire family. Following the pursuit of a merchant and manufacturer in Manchester, he gained a foremost place in that important town, and was its first M.P. He continued in the House of Commons until 1847, advocating advanced Liberal opinions. He was never married. His only brother, Robert Needham Philips, Esq., sits as M.P. for Bury.

LORD CHIEF BARON PIGOT.

The Right Hon. David Richard Pigot died at Dublin, on Dec. 22. For some few days past his friends despaired of his recovery, as his malady had assumed so serious an aspect. The venerable judge was son of Dr. Pigot, of Kilworth, county Cork, and was born in 1805, so that he was aged 68. He was called to the bar in Ireland in 1826, and for several years--from 1839 to 1846-represented Clonmel in Parliament. He was appointed SolicitorGeneral for Ireland in 1839, and served as Attorney-General from 1840 to Sept. 1841, when he was sworn in a Privy Councillor. He had held the office of Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland since 1846. He was admitted a Bencher of the King's Inns, Dublin, in 1839; and was appointed one of the visitors of May. nooth College in Sept. 1845.

GENERAL R. S. PIPER, R.E.

We have to announce the death of General Robert Sloper Piper, an old Peninsular officer, who died at Brighton, on Dec. 26, in his 84th year. The deceased general had seen considerable active service in his early military career, having served six campaigns in the Peninsula, France, and Flanders, from March 1810 to Jan. 1816. From 1810 to 1812 he was employed in the Lines of Lisbon and Almeida, and from Jan. 1812, to the conclusion of hostilities in 1815, held the command of a division of a pontoon train (having been entrusted during that period with the organization and equipment of four several bridges); threw the bridges of the Guadiana, Tagus, Bidassoa, Gave d'Oléron, Garonne, and Seine; served in the trenches at the last siege of Badajoz from the morning of March 18 to March 23, when the bridges of communication below the town being destroyed and sunk, he was despatched (by order of the commander of the forces) to re-establish and remain with them, passing shot, shell, and ammunition during the night and provisions during the daytime, for the remain

der of the operations. He received the thanks of Sir Rowland Hill at the passage of the Tagus in August in the same year on the advance of his column to Madrid; and, subsequently, when en route to Salamanca (in consequence of the enemy's cavalry intercepting the communication through the Sierra do Gato), was commanded by written instructions from the commander of the forces to retire with the bridges on Alcantara de la Reina and Badajoz to Elvas, and finally to Abrantes, where, equipping a fresh train of boats for the operations of the ensuing year, he advanced with the army from Sabugal and Freynada to the Ebro and Vittoria. He was present at the passage of the Bidassoa in October, and the latter part of the blockade of Pampeluna. In June, 1816, he proceeded to Ceylon, and subsequently served as commanding engineer in the Kandian Provinces during the insurrection of 1817 and 1818. He had received the war medal with three clasps. He obtained his first commission as second lientenant, Jan. 10, 1809; became lieutenant, Dec. 21, 1809; captain, March 16, 1814; major, Jan. 10, 1837; lieutenant-colonel, Nov. 23, 1841; colonel, June 20, 1854; major-general, May 30, 1856; lieutenantgeneral, April 20, 1861; and general, Jan. 1, 1868.

GENERAL SIR A. ROBERTS.

General Sir Abraham Roberts, K.C.B., died Dec. 28, after a short illness, at his residence at Clifton. The deceased, who was the third son of the Rev. John Roberts, by Anne, daughter of the Rev. A. Sandys, of Dublin, was born in 1781; joined the Waterford Militia in 1801, was appointed to the 48th Regt. in 1803, and in 1804 entered the Indian army. He became lieutenant in 1805, captain 1818, major 1826, lieutenant-colonel 1831, colonel 1843, major-general 1854, lieutenant-general 1857, and general 1864. He has been colonel of the 101st Royal Fusiliers since 1862; served under Lord Lake in the Sutlej, 1805; in Bundelcund against the Pindarees, and at the sieges of Komona and Gunowrie, 1806-7; in the Nepaul war, 1814-15; and at the storming of the fort of Kahorga (for which he had a medal). At Birla Ke Tebee, in Dec. 1814, he commanded his regiment and was actively engaged the whole day close to the Fort of Istuk, where he captured the chief and routed the enemy; commanded a brigade in Afghanistan, 1838-39; and was at the storming and capturing of Ghuznee. Sir Abraham was made a C.B. in 1840, G.C.B. in May, 1873, and on Dec. 8 of the

same year he was invested by her Majesty at Windsor with the Riband and Badge of the Military Division of the First-class of Knights Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, in recognition of his long and valuable services. The deceased had a medal for Ghuznee and the 2nd class Dooranee Order. He was twice married, and leaves issue.

SIR G. ROSE.

Sir George Rose, probably the only survivor of the "Old Westminsters" of the last century, died at Brighton on Dec. 3, in his 92nd year, having been born on May 1, 1782. He was educated at Westminster School, where he was the senior of Lord Russell and the late Archbishop Longley by ten years or more. He was called to the bar in 1809, at the Inner Temple, of which he was for many years the senior bencher. The only degree which he appears to have taken was that of M.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1835nine years after he had been made a King's Counsel, and four years after he had taken his seat upon the bench as a judge of the Bankruptcy Court, or, as it was then called, the "Court of Review." In 1840 he was made a Master of the Court of Chancery, during the Chancellorship of Lord Cottenham. Sir George Rose was well known as an able and accomplished classical scholar, and he frequently aided

in the preparation of the Prologue and Epilogue of the "Westminster Play," at which from year to year he was a constant attendant.

MR. WINTERBOTHAM, M.P.

The death is announced of Mr. Winterbotham, M.P., Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department. He had gone to Italy with the view of benefiting his health, which had been impaired by application to his official duties. Change of scene and rest were thought to have had their effect, but after a drive on Dec. 12, in the neighbourhood of Rome, he was seized with a sudden illness on Saturday morning, and died in a few hours. Mr. Henry Selfe Page Winterbotham was the son of Mr. Lindsey Winterbotham, a banker of Stroud. He was born in 1837, was educated at Amersham School, Bucks, and afterwards went to University College, London, where he graduated with honours, B.A. in 1856, and LL.B. in 1859. He was Hume Scholar in Jurisprudence in 1858, Hume Scholar in Political Economy in 1859, and in the same year University Law Scholar. Mr. Winterbotham was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in Nov. 1860, and was appointed Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in March, 1871. He had represented Stroud in the House of Commons since August, 1867.