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b. For instruction in loading: 1. Simulate, 2. LOAD. Execute as above described except that the cut-off (model 1903 rifle) remains "off" and the handling of the cartridges is simulated. The recruits are first taught to simulate loading and firing. After a few lessons, dummy cartridges may be used. Later blank cartridges may be used.

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c. The model 1903 rifle may be used as a single loader by turning the magazine off." The magazine may be filled in whole or in part while "off" or "on" by pressing cartridges singly down and back until they are in the proper place. The use of the rifle as a single loader is, however, to be regarded as exceptional. The model 1917 rifle can not be used as a

single loader.

291. To unload.-Being in line or skirmish line: UNLOAD. Take the position of load, turn the safety lock (model 1903 rifle) up (if armed with the model 1917 rifle turn the safety lock to the front) and move the bolt alternately backward and forward until all the cartridges are ejected. After the last cartridge is ejected, the chamber is closed by first thrusting the bolt forward slightly to free it from the stud holding it in place when the chamber is opened, pressing the follower down and back to engage it under the bolt, and then thrusting the bolt home. The trigger then is pulled, the cartridges are picked up, cleaned, and returned to the belt, and the rifle is brought to the order.

292. To fire by volley.—a. Being in rifles loaded: 1. Ready, 2. AIM, 3. ceremonial purposes.)

any firing formation and Squad, 4. FIRE. (For

At the command Ready take the position of load if not already there and turn the safety lock to the "ready." At the command Aim raise the rifle with both hands, butt placed and held firmly against the shoulder, left hand well under the rifle, left hand grasping the rifle at or in front of the balance, rifle resting in the palm of the left hand, right elbow at the height of the shoulder, right cheek held firmly against the stock as far forward as it can be placed without straining. The rifle is raised 30° from the horizontal or, if ordered, at the horizontal. The left eye is closed, right eye looking through the notch of the rear sight. At the command Fire the trigger is squeezed rapidly; the rifle is then lowered to the position of load and loaded.

When in double rank each rear rank man aims through the interval to the right of his file leader and leans forward slightly to advance the muzzle of his rifle beyond his front rank man.

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b. To continue the firing: 1. Aim, 2. Squad, 3. FIRE. Each command is executed as previously explained. Load (from the ́ magazine) is executed by drawing back and thrusting home the bolt with the right hand, leaving the safety lock turned up to the "ready."

293. To suspend firing.—a. The instructor blows a long blast of the whistle and repeats it, if necessary, or commands: SUSPEND FIRING.

Firing stops; rifles are held loaded and locked, in a position of readiness for instant resumption of firing, rear sights unchanged. The men continue to observe the target or aiming point, or place at which the target disappeared, or at which it is expected to reappear. Suspend firing is used for short pauses or to steady the men.

b. This whistle signal may be used as a preliminary to cease firing.

294. To cease firing.—a. CEASE FIRING. Firing stops; rifles not already there are brought to the position of load; those not loaded are then loaded; sights are laid and rifles are locked and brought to the order. Cease firing is used for long pauses, to prepare for changes of position.

b. Commands for suspending or ceasing fire may be given at any time after the preparatory command for firing, whether the firing has actually commenced or not.

INFANTRY DRILL

THE RIFLE SQUAD

(T. R. 420-50)

Subparagraphs f and g, paragraph 297, and subparagraph b, paragraph 262, apply to Infantry rifle companies only. Paragraph 305 and all references to apply only to those armed with the rifle.

the piece" in other paragraphs

295. Definition and purpose.-A squad is a group of soldiers formed for the purpose of instruction, discipline, control, and order.

The movements of squad drill are so designated as to use the squad as a fixed unit for the purpose of facilitating and controlling the movements of the company.

The term " squad," as hereinafter used, means the rifle squad

unless otherwise stated.

296. Strength.-The squad proper consists of a corporal and seven privates or privates, first class.

If the number of men grouped is more than 5 and less than 12, they are formed as a squad of 4 files, any excess above 8 being posted in the line of file closers.

If the number of men grouped is greater than 11, two or more squads are formed and the group is termed a section or a platoon.

For the instruction of recruits these rules may be modified.

297. Organization.-a. The corporal is the squad leader, and when absent is replaced by the second in command. If the second in command is also absent the senior private, first class, or private acts as leader.

b. The corporal, when in ranks, is posted as the left man in the front rank of the squad. When the corporal leaves the ranks to drill his squad, his rear-rank man steps into the front rank and No. 3, rear rank, moves over and covers No. 4, front rank. When the corporal returns to ranks, the original formation is resumed.

c. When there are only seven men in the squad, No. 3 is a blank file; when only six, Nos. 2 and 3 are blank files.

d. When the squad is formed the front line of files is the front rank and the rear line of files is the rear rank.

When a squad is faced or marches to the rear, the original rear rank becomes the front and remains such until the formation is again changed, but blank spaces in the original rear rank are not filled.

e. When any blank space occurs in the front rank it is immediately filled by the corresponding rear-rank man, except as noted in paragraph 3 d. In case there is no corresponding rear-rank man the blank space is filled by some other rear-rank

man.

f. One rifleman is a substitute automatic rifleman. He is the first man to take over the automatic rifle, in the event the automatic rifleman becomes a casualty.

g. Two riflemen are scouts. One is the scout for the squad and the other is assistant scout.

298. To form the squad.-a. To form the squad before the permanent organization has been made, the instructor places himself three paces in front of where the center of the squad is to be and commands: FALL IN.

The men assemble at attention, pieces at the order (par. 264), and are arranged by the corporal in double rank in order of height from right to left. Each man brings up his left arm as in Right dress (see par. 300), and drops it as soon as the man on his left has his interval. The rear rank forms with distance of 40 inches. The men on the left of the squad (left file) do not bring up their arms.

The instructor then commands: 1. Count; 2. OFF. At this command, all except the right file execute Eyes right, and, beginning on the right, the men in each rank count one, two, three, four; each man turns his head and eyes to the front as he counts.

Pieces are then inspected as prescribed in paragraph 269. b. As soon as its permanent organization has been fixed, the squad forms, without regard to height, in the desired formation, as follows: No. 1 front rank, rifleman and scout; No. 1 rear rank, rifleman and assistant scout; No. 2 rear rank, rifleman; No. 4 rear rank, rifleman and second in command; No. 2 front rank, rifleman with grenade discharger; No. 3 rear rank, automatic rifleman; No. 3 front rank, rifleman and substitute automatic rifleman; No. 4 front rank, corporal. 299. Previous instruction applicable.-The squad executes the halt, rests, facings, steps, and marchings, as prescribed in paragraphs 242-258 and the manual of arms as prescribed in paragraphs 264-288.

300. Alignments.-a. To align the squad, the base file or files having been established, the command is: 1. Right (left), 2. DRESS; 3. FRONT.

(1) At the command, Dress, each man who has to furnish 4 inches' interval to the man on his left, places the left hand with the fingers extended downward and joined, thumb along the forefinger, upon the left hip, heel of the hand resting against the hip bone near the belt. The left elbow is in the plane of the body. At the same time each man except the base file executes Eyes right and places himself so that his right arm rests lightly against the left elbow of the man on his right, and so that his eyes and shoulders are in line with those on his right. The rear-rank men cover in file. Each man halts upon his arrival at his proper position.

(2) The instructor verifies the alignment of both ranks from a position two paces from that flank toward which the squad is dressing, which is the point of rest, and orders up or back such men as may be in rear or in advance of the line; only the men designated move.

(3) At the command,. Front, given when the ranks are aligned, each man turns his head and eyes smartly to the front and drops his left hand quickly by his side.

b. When marching, the men preserve their intervals from the side of the guide, yield to pressure from that side, and resist pressure from the opposite direction.

They recover intervals, if lost, by gradually opening out or closing in; they recover alignment by slightly lengthening or shortening steps. The rear-rank men cover their file leaders at 40 inches.

In double rank the front-rank man on the right, or designated flank, is the guide. When marching faced to the flank the leading man of the front rank is the guide.

301. To open and close ranks.-a. The squad being in line at a halt, to open ranks, the command is: 1. Open ranks, 2. MARCH; 3. FRONT. At the command, March, the frontrank men execute right dress; the rear-rank men and file closers march backward four steps, halt, and then execute right dress.

The instructor verifies the alignment and commands: FRONT, as described in paragraph 264.

b. The squad being at open ranks, to close ranks, the command is: 1. Close ranks, 2. MARCH. At the command, March, the rear-rank men close to 40 inches, each man covering his

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