Lieutenant colonel: A silver oak leaf, 1 inch in height and 1 inch across.

Major: A gold oak leaf, 1 inch in height and 1 inch across. Captain: Two silver bars, each 4 inch in width and 1 inch in length. Bars to be 14 inch apart.

First lieutenant: One silver bar, 4 inch in width and 1 inch in length.

Second lieutenant: One gilt bar, 14 inch in width and 1 inch in length.

Chaplain

Christian: A silver Latin cross, 1 inch in height.

Jewish: A double tablet bearing Roman numerals from 1 to 10, surmounted by two equilateral triangles interlaced, all silver, 1 inch in height.

Warrant officer: Eagle in wreath.

Master sergeant (first grade): Three chevrons, and an arc of three bars forming a tie to the lower chevrons. Technical sergeant (second grade): Same as master sergeant, except the arc is of two bars.

First sergeant (second grade): Same as technical sergeant, with the addition of a lozenge in the angle between the lower chevron and the upper arc.

Staff sergeant (third grade): Same as master sergeant, except the arc is of one bar.

Sergeant (fourth grade): Three chevrons.

Corporal (fifth grade): Two chevrons.

Private first class (sixth grade): One chevron.

All chevrons are of olive drab on a dark blue background. Chevrons, wound and war service, are of gold lace or bullion. The former, one for each wound, is worn on the right sleeve. The latter, one for each six months in service in a theater of operations in the World War, is worn on the left sleeve. They are both placed just above the cuff.

Brassards.-Worn around left sleeve, between shoulder and

elbow.

For agents and signal men, blue; for guides and scouts, green; for orderlies and messengers, red; for trench cleaners (moppers up), white; for members of carrying parties, yellow. To be 14 inches in width, made of stiff cotton webbing, and equipped with sharp-tongued buckle for adjustment, as issued. For military police, to be of blue cloth, 4 inches in width, with letters M. P. in block letters 21⁄2 inches in height, outlined in white thread.

In time of war, for all persons in the military service rendered neutral by the terms of the Geneva convention, to be of white cloth, 4 inches in width, with red Geneva cross of cloth in center.

112. The degree in which officers and enlisted men's uniform clothing conforms to the specifications therefor, the fit, cleanliness, and general smartness apparent, and the observance of the correct method of wearing, including appropriateness to the occasion, will in no small degree indicate the discipline and general efficiency of the individual and the organization.

113. Uniforms and clothing issued to enlisted men must not be sold, pawned, loaned, given away, lost, or damaged through neglect or carelessness. Any soldier who violates this rule may be tried by a military court and punished. All uniforms and articles of clothing issued to enlisted men remain the property of the United States and do not become the property of the soldier either before or after discharge from the service.

114. The service uniform is either cotton (summer) or woolen (winter) olive drab.

For duty in the field it consists of the service hat with cord sewed on, service coat if ordered, service breeches, olive drab flannel shirt, leggins, russet-leather shoes, and identification tag (also the overcoat when ordered).

When not in the field, the service cap may be worn instead of the campaign hat. The service coat is always worn with the cap.

Wear the exact uniform prescribed by your commanding officer, whether you are on duty or off duty.

Never wear any part of the uniform with civilian clothes. It is very unsoldierly, for example, to wear a civilian overcoat over the uniform or to wear the uniform overcoat over a civilian suit.

Keep the uniform clean and neat and in good repair.

Grease spots and dust and dirt should be removed as soon as possible.

Rips and tears should be promptly mended.

Missing buttons and cap and collar ornaments should be promptly replaced.

There is but one correct and soldierly way to wear the cap or hat. Never wear it on the back or side of the head.

The service hat should be worn in the regulation shape, peaked, with four indentations, and with hat cord sewed on. Do not cover it with pen or pencil marks.

Never appear outside your room or tent with your coat or olive-drab shirt unbuttoned or collar of coat unhooked. Chevrons, service stripes, and campaign medals and badges are a part of the uniform and must be worn as prescribed.

When coats are not worn with the service uniform olive-drab shirts are prescribed.

Suspenders must never be worn exposed to view.

Never appear in breeches without leggins.

Leather leggins should be kept polished. Canvas leggins should be scrubbed when dirty.

Russet-leather (tan) shoes should be kept clean and polished. The overcoat when worn must be buttoned throughout and the collar hooked. The belt is worn outside the overcoat, except that the officers' belt (M 1921) is worn under the overcoat when in garrison.

FITTING OF SHOES AND SOCKS

(A. R. 850-125)

115. General.—The application of established practical methods of foot measuring and shoe fitting is of great importance in preserving and promoting the health and comfort of the soldier and in securing the maximum marching capacity of troops. (See A. R. 40-205 and A. R. 615-250.) Measurements will be taken and shoes and socks will be fitted as soon as practicable after the enlistment or induction of the soldier into the service. Sizes called for in requisitions will conform to the record, and issues on such requisitions will be personally verified in every instance by a company officer to insure that properly fitting shoes and socks are secured.

116. Responsibility for.-a. General.-Company commanders are responsible for measuring the feet and properly fitting the shoes of the men of their commands. The work will be done under the direct supervision of a commissioned officer. Company commanders will report in writing to the regimental commander every instance of failure to secure proper shoes for their command. Regimental commanders will investigate the reason for such deficiencies and will be held responsible as far as lies in their power for their correction.

b. Keeping of records.-A record of the sizes and widths of properly fitting shoes as determined by the methods prescribed in the following paragraph will be kept by all company com manders for the men of their organizations. Company commanders will cause to be kept a record of the number of pairs

and the sizes and widths of all shoes issued to the men of their commands.

117. Methods of fitting shoes. When the foot-measuring machines and shoe-fitting devices are not supplied, have the man put his stockinged foot in the shoe to be tried on. The shoe should be laced snugly and the soldier with a 40-pound burden on his back will throw his entire weight upon one foot. The officer or enlisted man will grasp the leather of the shoe over the ball of the foot, and as his fingers and thumb are brought slowly together over the leather he should feel the shoe snugly filled without apparent tightness, while the leather should He smooth under his hand. If the leather wrinkles under the grasp of the hand, the shoe is too wide and a narrower width is needed; if the leather seems tight and bulgy and the fingers tend to slip over easily, the shoe is too narrow and a greater needed. Usually it will be

try on several pairs of shoes, and test in this mary to

before an entirely satisfactory fit is secured. The officer fitting the shoes will also press in the leather of the shoes in front of the toes to determine the existence of sufficient vacant space in that region to prevent toe injury. Under no circumstances should this vacant space in front of the great toe be less than two-thirds of an inch, or the width of a man's thumb, nor should there be pressure on top of the toes. Shoes must in every case pass satisfactorily the above-described test, and no shoes will be issued or worn by enlisted men which are not fitted in accordance with this regulation.

118. Breaking in shoes. Shoes should be properly broken in before beginning a march. The following is suggested, but not required: The soldier wearing his new shoes should stand in about 21⁄2 inches of water for about five minutes until the leather is thoroughly pliable and moist; he should then walk for about an hour on a level surface, while the shoes dry on his feet, to the irregularities of which the leather will be molded in the same way it was molded over the shoe last in its manufacture. On taking the shoes off, a very little neat'sfoot oil should be rubbed into the leather to prevent its hardening and cracking. If it be desired to waterproof the shoes, a considerable amount of dubbin should be rubbed into the leather. If this makes the feet perspire unduly, thereby keeping them soft, the amount of dubbin should be reduced.

119. Socks Correct fit and importance thereof.-Properly fitted socks are essential to the comfortable clothing of the 39854-27-4

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soldier's feet, and conversely it may be stated that socks too short or too long will at least partly nullify the effect of correctly fitted Army shoes. Although the flexibility of the texture and shrinkability of woolen socks of different weights and the variations in the relative lengths, widths, and shapes of soldiers' feet make it impossible to determine a fixed system of size fittings for socks corresponding with the fixed sizes and widths of Army shoes, there is, nevertheless, a general plan of selecting socks according to sizes that can be used with satisfactory results. Light or heavy woolen socks will be habitually worn for marching. The socks will be large enough to permit free movement of the toes, but not so loose as to permit of wrinkling. Repaired socks or socks with holes will not be worn during long marches. (See also par. 166.)

DESCRIPTION, USE, CARE, PRESERVATION, MAINTENANCE, MINOR REPAIRS, AND (OR) ADJUSTMENTS OF THE VARIOUS ARTICLES OF SUPPLY AND EQUIPMENT

120. The description, use, care, preservation, maintenance, minor repairs, adjustments, and (or) cleaning of the various articles of supply and equipment are mostly found in training or technical regulations. Their length precludes publishing them in full in this manual and their importance prevents condensation. Organization commanders must be familiar with those pertaining to supply or equipment which is issued to them, as their responsibility is fixed and definite for the condition in which this Government property is maintained. Besides the clear indication of the discipline of an organization which an inspection of its equipment indicates, and consequently the battle efficiency of its personnel, no organization is fit for field service which has arms or other equipment that is not in good, serviceable condition.

Following is a list of references to regulations and manuals where these subjects are treated:

Browning machine gun (machine-gun companies). T. R. 320–35.