Environmental History of the Rhine-Meuse Delta: An ecological story on evolving human-environmental relations coping with climate change and sea-level riseSpringer Science & Business Media, 2008年5月6日 - 640 頁 This book presents the environmental history of the Delta of the lowland rivers Rhine and Meuse, an ecological story on evolving human–environmental relations coping with climate change and sea-level rise. It offers a combination of in-depth ecology and environmental history, dealing with exploitation of land and water, the use of everything nature provided, the development of fisheries and agriculture, changes in biodiversity of higher plants, fish, birds, mammals and invasive exotics. It is the first comprehensive book written in English on the integrated environmental history of the Delta, from prehistoric times up to the present day. It covers the l- acy of human intervention, the inescapable fate of reclaimed, nevertheless subs- ing and sinking polders, ‘bathtubs’ attacked by numerous floods, reclaimed in the Middle Ages and unwittingly exposed to the rising sea level and the increasing amplitude between high and low water in the rivers. The river channels, constricted and regulated between embankments, lost their flood plains, silted up, degraded and incised. Cultivation of raised bog deposits led to oxidation and compacting of peat and clay, resulting in progressive subsidence and flooding; arable land had to be changed into grassland and wetland. For millennia muscular strength and wind and water powers moulded the country into its basic form. From 1800 onwards, acceleration and scaling up by steam power and electricity, and exponential popu- tion growth, resulted in the erection of human structures ‘fixed forever’, and severe pressure on the environment. |
內容
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14 | |
49 | |
Neinhuis_Ch04pdf | 80 |
Neinhuis_Ch05pdf | 111 |
Neinhuis_Ch06pdf | 140 |
Neinhuis_Ch07pdf | 169 |
Neinhuis_Ch08pdf | 203 |
Neinhuis_Ch14pdf | 379 |
Neinhuis_Ch15pdf | 405 |
Neinhuis_Ch16pdf | 429 |
Neinhuis_Ch17pdf | 451 |
Neinhuis_Ch18pdf | 480 |
Neinhuis_Ch19pdf | 509 |
Neinhuis_Ch20pdf | 536 |
Neinhuis_Ch21pdf | 562 |
Neinhuis_Ch09pdf | 230 |
Neinhuis_Ch10pdf | 269 |
Neinhuis_Ch11pdf | 299 |
Neinhuis_Ch12pdf | 326 |
Neinhuis_Ch13pdf | 354 |
Neinhuis_Refpdf | 589 |
Neinhuis_Subject Indexpdf | 619 |
Neinhuis_Taxonomic Indexpdf | 631 |
Neinhuis_Geographic Indexpdf | 637 |
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常見字詞
19th century agricultural already animals basin became birds brooks building built canals caused changes channel Chapter closed common connected consequently construction continuous course covered dams decline decreased Delta deposits discharge dominated draining Dutch dykes early ecological eelgrass effects environmental estuary et al Europe existing farmers fields fish flood floodplain flow forests freshwater gradually habitats higher human IJssel important improved increased industrial lakes land landscape Large Rivers late living lower Maas mainly marshes measures Meuse Middle Ages natural Netherlands North occurred original past peat period plants Pleistocene polders pollution population present problem production protection reached recent remained result Rhine rise river river floods river Rhine Roman salinity salmon sand sediment severe shows situated soil species storm SW Delta tidal tion town trade transport vegetation Waal winter zone
熱門章節
第 592 頁 - FCJM, 2002, Restoration strategies for river floodplains along large lowland rivers in Europe. Freshwater Biology, 47: 889-907 Castro, G., Chomitz, K., Thomas, T., 2002.
第 564 頁 - Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have increased markedly as result of human activities since 1750 and now far exceed pre-industrial values determined from ice cores spanning many thousands of years.
第 589 頁 - Bardach, JE, Fujiya, M., and Holl, A. (1965). Detergents: Effects on the chemical senses of the fish Ictalurus natalis (le Sueur).
第 564 頁 - Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.
第 592 頁 - Brinkhuizen, DC - Ichthyo-archeologisch onderzoek: methoden en toepassing aan de hand van Romeins vismateriaal uit Velsen (Nederland) Bult, EJ - Moated sites in their economical and social context in Delfland Bult, I.-.J.
第 590 頁 - Beeftink WG (1966) Vegetation and habitat of the salt marshes and beach plains in the south-western part of the Netherlands. Wentia 15:83-108 Beeftink WG (1977) The coastal salt marshes of western and northern Europe: An ecological and phytosociological approach. 1n: Chapman VJ (ed) Wet coastal ecosystems. Elsevier. Amsterdam. pp" 109- 155 Beeftink WG (1977a) Salt marshes.
第 564 頁 - warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level
第 592 頁 - ECL (1998). Habitat restoration along the River Rhine in The Netherlands: putting ideas into practice. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 8, 61-70.